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Culicidae (Mosquitoes) of Michigan - Identification
Adults
(adapted from Darsie and Ward 2005, Wallace and Walker 2007)
1a |
a. Proboscis rigid and stout on basal half, apical half tapered toward apex and strongly curved downward |
Toxorhynchites rutilus (Coquillett) |
b. Large species, up to 15 mm long, with broad, metallic colored scales on head, thorax, abdomen, and legs |
c. Posterior border of wing distinctly emarginate at apex of Cu2 |
1b |
a. Proboscis slender, never strongly curved downward on apical half, and of nearly uniform thickness |
2 |
b. Smaller than above |
c. Posterior border of wing rounded or only slightly distinctly emarginate at apex of Cu2 |
|
2a(1b) |
a. Scutellum evenly rounded on posterior margin, with setae more or less evenly distributed |
Anopheles Meigen |
b. Palpi of female nearly as long as proboscis |
c. Abdomen bare of scales or only sparsely scaled |
2b |
a. Scutellum trilobed on posterior margin, with setae in 3 distinct groups |
3 |
b. Palpi less than one-half as long as proboscis |
c. Abdomen densely scaled both dorsally and ventrally |
|
3a(2b) |
a. Second marginal cell of wing short, less than half as long as its petiole |
Uranotaenia sapphirina (Osten Sacken) |
also: Thorax usually with lines of iridescent blue scales |
3b |
a. Second marginal cell of wing as long as or longer than its petiole |
4 |
|
4a(3b) |
a. Postnotum with a tuft of setae |
Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett) |
b. Wing squama without fringe of hair |
4b |
a. Postnotum bare |
5 |
b. Wing squama with fringe of hair |
|
5a(4b) |
a. Spiracular bristles present |
6 |
5b |
a. Spiracular bristles absent |
7 |
|
6a(5b) |
a. Postspiracular bristles present |
Psorophora Robineau-Desvoidy |
b. Tip of abdomen pointed |
6b |
a. Postspiracular bristles absent |
Culiseta Felt |
b. Tip of abdomen blunt |
|
7a(5b) |
a. Postspiracular bristles present |
Aedes Meigen, Ochlerotatus Lunch Arribalzaga |
7b |
a. Postspiracular bristles absent |
8 |
|
8a(7b) |
a. Scutum bicolored with narrow longitudinal lines of white scales |
Orthopodomyia Theobald |
b. Penultimate (next to the last) segment of front tarsi very short, only about half as long as wide |
8b |
a. Scutum without longitudinal lines of white scales |
9 |
b. Penultimate segment of front tarsi much longer than wide |
|
9a(8b) |
a. Wing scales very broad, mixed brown and white (Fig.) |
Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker) |
9b |
a. Wing scales narrow and uniformly dark |
Culex Linnaeus |
|
Pupae
(adapted from Wallace and Walker 2007)
1a |
a. Segment X with a conspicuous branched hair |
Toxorhynchites rutilus (Coquillett) |
b. Seta 9 on segment VII greatly reduced |
c. Paddles without apical seta |
1b |
a. Segment X without branched hair |
2 |
b. Seta 9- VIII and paddles variable |
|
2a(1b) |
a. Paddles nearly always with an accessory seta arising anterior to, and in line with, the apical seta |
Anopheles Meigen |
b. If not, then seta 9 on segments IV-VII in the form of a short, stout, dark spine arising from the extreme posterior corner of the segment and trumpets short, flared, and split nearly to base |
2b |
a. Paddles with accessory seta absent |
3 |
b. or, if present, arising level with and laterad of the apical seta; seta 9 and trumpets usually different from above |
|
3a(2b) |
a. Trumpets modified for insertion into aquatic plant tissues |
Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker) |
b. Float hairs suppressed (used in some species keys) |
3b |
a. Trumpets otherwise |
4 |
b. And/or float hair well developed |
|
4a(3b) |
a. Paddles small, somewhat pointed, and without apical seta |
Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett) |
4b |
a. Paddles not pointed, apical seta present |
5 |
|
5a(4b) |
a. Paddles with inner half deeply excavated toward base and usually much broader on outer half |
Uranotaenia sapphirina (Osten Sacken) |
b.Segment IX usually with a pair of small setulae (stiff bristles) |
c. Paddles fringed or toothed on both borders |
5b |
a. Without this combination of characters |
6 |
|
6a(5b) |
a. Paddles somewhat rectangular, with the thickened basal portion of outer edge sometimes spiculate (having minute, pointed spines), but remaining otherwise smooth and hyaline |
Orthopodomyia Theobald |
b. Accessory paddle seta absent |
c. Apical paddle seta very short d. seta 9 on segments VI-VIII long, stout, plumose, and on segment VIII about half or more the length of paddle |
6b |
a. Without this combination of characters |
7 |
|
7a(6b) |
a. Trumpets tubular for most of their length, either with or without rudimentary basal tracheation |
Psorophora Robineau-Desvoidy |
b. Seta 9- VIII arising from the posterolateral corner of the segment with little or no anterior displacement |
c. and, with one of the following characteristics: posterior corner of abdominal segment IV toothed ; prominent ventral lobes present on posterior border of segment VIII, partly covering the bases of the paddles; or, accessory paddle seta present |
7b |
a. Without this combination of characters |
8 |
|
8a(7b) |
a. Seta 8-C arising laterad to, and approximately even with, the base of the trumpet, but very much anterior to 9-C |
Aedes Meigen, Ochlerotatus Lunch Arribalzaga |
b. Tracheation of trumpet absent or, at most, rudimentary |
c. Seta 9-VIII rarely arising cephalad of the posterior border of the segment |
8b |
a. Seta 8-C arising even with, or posterior to, the base of the trumpet and more
nearly level with 9-C |
9 |
b. Trumpets frequently with extensive subbasal tracheation |
c. Position of seta 9- VIII variable |
|
|
9a(8b) |
a. Trumpets with well-developed subbasal tracheation |
Culex Linnaeus |
b. or seta 9-VIII arising well cepahlad of the posterior border of the segment |
9b |
a. Trumpets with, at most, rudimentary basal tracheation |
Culiseta Felt |
b. Seta 9-VIII always arising from the posterior border of the segment |
|
Larvae
(adapted from Darsie and Ward 2005)
1a |
a. Respiratory siphon absent |
Anopheles Meigen |
b. Some abdominal terga with seta 1 palmate |
1b |
a. Respiratory siphon present |
2 |
b. Seta 1 on abdominal terga never palmate |
|
2a(1b) |
a. Siphon attenuated apically, with a dorsal "saw" adapted for piercing plant tissue |
Coquillettidia
perturbans (Walker) |
also: Setae 2,3-A much shorter than the antennal flagellum; saddle without precratal setae, or if present, no more than 2 thin setae posteriorly |
2b |
a. Siphon not attenuated apically, and not adapted for piercing plant tissue |
3 |
|
3a(2b) |
a. Siphon without pecten spines |
4 |
3b |
a. Siphon with pecten spines |
6 |
|
4a(3a) |
a. Lateral palatal brush composed of few stout curved rods |
Toxorhynchites rutilus (Coquillett) |
b. Comb scales absent on Ab8 |
4b |
a. Lateral palatal brush composed of numerous thin, sometimes pectinate, filaments |
5 |
b. Comb scales present on Ab8 |
|
5a(4b) |
a. Ab10 without a median ventral brush, seta 4-X the form of a pair of ventroposteriolateral setae |
Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett) |
b. Comb scales on Ab8 in a single row |
5b |
a. Ab10 with seta 4-X the form of a well-developed median ventral brush |
Orthopodomyia Theobald |
|
6a(3b) |
a. Ab8 with the large lateral comb plate bearing comb scales |
Uranotaenia sapphirina (Osten
Sacken) |
b. Head longer than wide |
6b |
a. Ab8 without a comb plate or, if present, small |
7 |
b. Head wide than long, capsule widest in posterior half |
|
7a(6b) |
a. Siphon with at least a basal pair of ventral setae |
Culiseta Felt |
7b |
a. Siphon with setae elsewhere, but not ventrally near the base |
8 |
|
8a(7b) |
a. Siphon with 3 or more pairs of setae |
9 |
8b |
a. Siphon with 1 pair of setae |
10 |
|
9a(8a) |
a. Saddle completely encircling Ab10 |
Culex Linnaeus |
9b |
a. Saddle not completely encircling Ab10 |
Aedes Meigen (in part), Ochlerotatus Lynch Arribálzaga [in part] |
|
10a(8b) |
a. Saddle completely encircling Ab10, pierced along the midventral line by a row of precratal setal tufts |
Psorophora Robineau-Desvoidy |
10b |
a. Saddle usually not encircling Ab10, but if so, then the setal tufts of seta 4-X are confined posterior to the saddle |
Aedes Meigen (in part), Ochlerotatus Lynch Arribálzaga [in part] |
|
Orthopodomyia Theobald, 1904
Orthopodomyia - Females
(adapted from Darsie and Ward 2005)
1a |
a. Lower mesokatepisternum with 4 or more setae |
Orthopodomyia signifera (Coquillett) |
b. Base of R4+5 usually with a patch of pale scales |
1b |
a. Lower mesokatepisternum with 0-2 setae |
Orthopodomyia alba Baker |
b. Base of R4+5 usually with dark scales |
|
Orthopodomyia - 4th Instar Larvae
(adapted from Darsie and Ward 2005)
1a |
a. Seta 1-S usually with 3-4 branches, subequal in length to the siphon's diameter at the point of its attachment in lateral view |
Orthopodomyia alba Baker |
b. Ab8 without a large tergal plate |
1b |
a. Seta 1-S usually with 6 or more branches, much longer than the siphon's diameter at the point of its attachment in lateral view |
Orthopodomyia signifera (Coquillett) |
b. Ab8 with a large tergal plate |
also: In lateral view, seta 1-S with branches no longer than the distance from its alveolus to the apex of the siphon; Dorsal pair of anal papillae no longer than the saddle |
|
Psorophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827
Anopheles Meigen
Anopheles - Females
(adapted from Darsie and Ward 2005)
1a |
a. Wing with pale-scaled spots also: Hind tarsomeres dark scaled |
2 |
1b |
a. Wing entirely dark scaled or with silvery or coppery apical fring spot |
4 |
|
2a(1a) |
a. Wing vein C with apical pale spot, otherwise dark scaled |
Anopheles (Anopheles) crucians Wiedemann |
b. Vein A with 3 dark spots |
2b |
a.
Wing vein C with apical and subcostal pale spots |
3 |
b.Vein A with 1 or 2 dark-scaled spots or lines |
|
3a(2b) |
a. Sc pale spot > 0.5 x length of preapical dark spot |
Anopheles (Anopheles) punctipennis (Say) |
3b |
a.
Sc pale spot much reduced, usually < 0.3 x length of preapical dark spot |
Anopheles (Anopheles) perplexens Ludlow |
|
4a(1b) |
a. Wing with silvery or coppery apical fring spot |
Anopheles (Anopheles) earlei Vargas |
also: Numerous erect scales on dorsal surface of wing vein R2+3 between its base dark spot and fork of veins R2 and R3, decumbent ventral scales of R2+3 not visible from dorsal aspect |
4b |
a. Wing entirely dark scaled |
5 |
|
5a(4b) |
a. Wing unspotted |
Anopheles (Anopheles) barberi Coquillett |
b. Scutal setae about 0.5 x width of scutum |
c. Small species, wing length about 3.0 mm |
also: Proepisternum with 6-11 setae; fore coxa with 19 or more setae; anterior acrostichal setae dark |
5b |
a. Wing spots of dark scales more or less distinct |
6 |
b. Scutal setae mostly < 0.5 x width of scutum |
c. Larger, wing length about > 4.0 mm |
|
6a(5b) |
a. Frontal tuft with some pale setae |
Anopheles (Anopheles) quadrimaculatus Say |
b. Wing with 4 distinct dark-scaled spots |
c. Palpi with dark scales |
also: Scales on base of vein Cu obovate with apices rounded; upper proespisternum usually with 2-6 setae; mid- and usually foretibia with pale scales apically; scutal fossa usually with 21-45 setae; prealar area usually with 6-12 setae; interocular area usually with 7-12 setae |
6b |
a. Frontal tuft entirely with dark setae |
Anopheles (Anopheles) walkeri Theobald |
b. Wing usually with dark-scaled spots indistinct |
c. Palpi with or without apical pale rings |
also: Capitellum of halter usually pale scaled; occiput with patch of pale scales medioanteriorly; femora with knee spots |
|
Anopheles - 4th Instar Larvae
(adapted from Darsie and Ward 2005)
1a |
a. Setae 5-7 small, single or double |
Anopheles (Anopheles) barberi Coquillett |
b. Setae 6-I-VI plumose |
also: Setae 2-C widely separated, closer to setae 3-C than to each other; setae 13-II-V and VII usually with 3 branches |
1b |
a. Setae 5-7 large, multibranched |
2 |
b. Setae 6-I-VI not plumose |
|
2a |
a. Setae 0 well-developed on IV,V, with 4 or more branches, about equal to 2-IV,V |
Anopheles (Anopheles) crucians Wiedemann |
2b |
a. Setae minute on IV,V, single to triple, much smaller than 2-IV,V |
3 |
|
3a(2b) |
a. Seta 2-C simple, sparsely aciculate toward apex |
Anopheles (Anopheles) walkeri Theobald |
b. Seta 1-P with 3-5 strong branches from near base |
3b |
a. Seta 2-C simple or forked in outer half, without aciculae |
4 |
b. Seta 1-P weak, single or branched in out half |
|
4a(3b) |
a. Seta 2-C usually with 2-5 branches in outer half |
Anopheles (Anopheles) earlei Vargas |
4b |
a. Seta 2-C single |
5 |
|
5a(4b) |
a. Alveoli of setae 2-C separated by more than the diameter of one alveolus |
Anopheles (Anopheles) quadrimaculatus Say |
b. Setae 8,9 large, usually with 8-10 branches |
also: Seta 2-C > 1.30 x length of 3-C; pecten plates each with 6-8 long spines, seta 1-A usually inserted > 0.31 x length from base of the antenna, whose length is > 0.31 mm; sum of both setae 3-C, 25-63 branches, more or less widely separated distally; sum of both setae 8-V usually with 7-10 branches; Ab8 usually with anteromedian sternal plate |
5b |
a.
Alveoli of setae 2-C closer together than the diameter of one alveolus |
6 |
b. Setae 8,9 smaller, usually with 5-7 branches |
|
6a(5b) |
a. Setae 2-IV,V usually single |
Anopheles (Anopheles) perplexens Ludlow (in part) |
6b |
a. Setae 2-IV,V usually double or triple |
Anopheles (Anopheles) punctipennis (Say), Anopheles (Anopheles) perplexens Ludlow (in part) |
|
Aedes Meigen and Ochlerotatus Lynch Arribálzaga
Aedes Meigen and Ochlerotatus - Females
(adapted from Darsie and Ward 2005)
1a |
a. Hind tarsomeres with pale bands |
2 |
1b |
a. Hind tarsomeres entirely dark scaled |
18 |
|
2a(1a) |
a. Hind tarsomeres pale scaled only on basal part of segments |
3 |
2b |
a. Hind tarsomeres with pale bands both basally and apically, at least on some segments |
15 |
|
3a(2a) |
a. Proboscis with definite pale-scaled band near middle |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) sollicitans (Walker) |
also: Abdominal terga with pale-scaled median longitudinal stripe or row of disconnected spots, and whitish basolateral patches; wing scales with dark and pale scales intermixed; hind tarsomere 1 with definite yellow-scaled median band |
3b |
a.
Proboscis without definite pale-scaled band near middle |
4 |
|
4a(3b) |
a. Scutum with median longitudinal stripe of yellow scales |
Ochlerotatus (Finlaya) japonicus (Theobald) [non-native, introduced] |
b. Ab3-7 terga without dorsal pale band |
c. Hind tarsomere 5 dark scaled |
4b |
a. Scutum with other markings |
5 |
|
5a(4b) |
a. Basal pale bands of hind tarsomeres narrow, pale band of segment 2 < 0.2 x total segment length |
Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen) |
also: Basal pale bands on Ab2-6 with 2 posterior lobes, Ab7 tergum mostly dark scaled; lower mesepimeral setae absent |
5b |
a. Basal pale bands of hind tarsomeres broad, pale band of segment 2 > 0.3 x total segment length |
6 |
|
6a(5b) |
a. Wings entirely dark scaled |
Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) |
b. Hind tarsomeres 1-3 with broad pale bands |
also: Scutum with median narrow stripe of white scales; hind tarsomere 4 with white band, 5 entirely white |
6b |
a. Wings with pale and dark scales intermixed |
7 |
b. If wings scales all dark, then at least hind tarsomeres 1-4 with broad pale bands |
|
7a(6b) |
a. Wing with broad triangular-shaped dark and pale scales, rather evenly intermixed dorsally
|
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) grossbecki (Dyar & Knab) |
also: Proboscis with few scattered pale scales on basal half; scutum with mostly pale scales laterally |
7b |
a. Wing scales with some narrow scales, both dark and pale, usually unevenly distributed |
8 |
|
8a(7b) |
a. Ab terga entirely clothed with yellow scales |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) flavescens (Müller) |
8b |
b. Ab terga with some dark scales, usually with pale-scaled basal bands on some segments 9 |
|
|
9a(8b) |
a. Foretarsal claw sharply bent and subparallel to long tooth |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) excrucians (Walker) |
9b |
a. Foretarsal claw not sharply bent, nor nearly parallel to shorter tooth |
10 |
|
10a(9b) |
a. Lower mesepimeral setae absent |
11 |
b. Mesomeron bare |
10b |
a. Lower mesepimeral setae present |
13 |
b. Mesomeron with few scales on dorsoposterior corner |
|
11a(10a) |
a. Foretarsal claw tooth short, blunt, < 0.5x length of usually elongate claw |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) riparius (Dyar & Knab) |
also: Hypostigmal area scaled; Ab terga with many scattered yellowish scales in dark-scaled areas |
11b |
a. Foretarsal claw long, thin, > 0.5 x length of claw that is markedly curved just distal to attachment tooth |
12 |
|
12a(11b) |
a. Proboscis, cercus, and tarsomere 1 of all legs with numerous pale scales |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) euedes (Howard, Dyar & Knab) [in part] |
b. Foretarsal claw long, straight distal to attachment of tooth |
12b |
a. Proboscis, cercus, and tarsomere 1 distal to basal ring, usually dark scaled |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) fitchii (Felt & Young) [in part] |
b. Foretarsal claw short, more strongly curbed distal to attachment of tooth |
|
13a(12b) |
a. Scales on antennal pedicel numerous, mostly pale |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) fitchii (Felt & Young) [in part] |
b. Scutum with medium to dark brown longitudinal stripe |
also: Scutum with pale white scales, often mixed with yellow or light brown scales, laterally; dorsal brown-scaled area of postpronotum equal to or larger than ventral pale-scaled area; fore tarsomere 3 with complete basal pale ring |
13b |
a. Scales on antennal pedicel few, mostly dark |
14 |
b. Scutum with reddish brown scales medially, sometimes with a stripe of light scales |
|
14a(13b) |
a. Foretarsal claw bent just distal to tooth |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) stimulans (Walker) |
b. Ab6-8 sterna pale scaled or with few dark scales only |
14b |
a. Foretarsal claw evenly curbed distad to tooth |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) euedes (Howard, Dyar & Knab) [in part] |
b. Ab6-8 sterna pale scaled with rather broad medioapical dark-scaled patches |
|
15a(2b) |
a. Wing with dark and pale scales intermixed, usually pale scaled |
16 |
b. Postprocoxal scale patch present |
15b |
a. Wing entirely dark scaled, or with some pale scales on anterior veins |
17 |
b. Postprocoxal scale patch absent |
|
16a(15a) |
a. Wing vein R4+5 with more dark scales than veins R2 and R3 |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) dorsalis (Meigen) |
b. Foretarsal claw almost straight in middle |
16b |
a. Wing vein R4+5 with as many dark scales as R2 and R3 |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) campestris (Dyar & Knab) |
b. Foretarsal claw abruptly curving near attachment of tooth |
|
17a(15b) |
a. Wing entirely dark scaled |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) canadensis (Theobald) |
also: Scutum without dark median stripe, usually rather evenly reddish or golden brown |
17b |
a. Wing with prominent patch of pale scales on base of vein C |
Ochlerotatus (Finlaya) atropalpus (Coquillett) |
b. Scutum with broad dark brown or golden median longitudinal stripe |
also: Palpi almost entirely dark scaled; pale rings on hind tarsomere joint 1,2 subequal; scutellum with narrow yellow to brown scales; interocular space at least 2.5 diameters of single corneal facet; hind femur entirely pale in basal third to half; scutal fossa without posterior setae |
|
18a(1b) |
a. Scutum with submedian stripes or median patch of silvery white, pale white, or pale yellow scales, or with silvery white scales laterally |
19 |
18b |
a. Scutum without silvery white medially or laterally, nor pale white or pale yellow scales medially |
22 |
|
19a(18a) |
a. Scutum with median longitudinal stripe of dark brown scales and silvery white scales laterally |
20 |
19b |
a. Scutum with broad patch of 1 or 2 stripes of silvery white, pale white, or sometimes pale yellow scales medially |
21 |
|
20a(19a) |
a. Setae of anterior portion of scutum relatively few and weak |
Ochlerotatus (Protomacleaya) triseriatus (Say) |
b. Silvery scaling of scutal fossa usually restricted to lateral and posterior portions |
c. Fore- and Mesotarsal claws evenly curved, tooth < 0.3 x length of claw |
20b |
a. Setae of anterior portion of scutum numerous and well-developed |
Ochlerotatus (Protomacleaya) hendersoni Cockerell |
b. Silvery scaling of scutal fossa usually covering entire scutal fossa |
c. Fore- and Mesotarsal claws abruptly curving, tooth 0.3-0.5 x length of claw 20 |
also: Postspiracular scale patch large; setae of scutal fossa darkly pigmente |
|
21a(19b) |
a. Scutum with pair of submedian pale-scaled stripes, separated by dark stripe of about the same width |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) trivittatus (Coquillett, 1902) |
21b |
a. Scutum without pair of submedian pale-scaled strips |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) dupreei (Coquillett) |
also: Occiput with few or no dark scales laterally; small species, wing length about 2.5 mm |
|
22a(18b) |
a. Wing with veins alternating pale and dark scales on veins, R1, R4+5 and Cu dark, others pale |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) spencerii (Theobald) |
22b |
a. Wing with veins entirely dark or with pale scales at base of vein C and sometimes Sc and R |
23 |
|
23a(22b) |
a. Hypostigmal area with scales |
24 |
23b |
a. Hypostigmal area without scales |
27 |
|
24a(23a) |
a. Postprocoxal scale patch absent |
25 |
b. Palpi usually with some pale scales |
24b |
a. Postprocoxal scale patch present |
26 |
b. Palpi entirely dark scaled |
|
25a(24a) |
a. Scutum with scales nearly all unicolorous |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) intrudens (Dyar) [in part] |
b. Mesepimeron sometimes without scales in ventral quarter |
25b |
a. Scutum with pair of submedian stripes devoid of scales |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) pullatus (Coquillett) |
b. Mesepimeron usually with scales near to ventral margin |
|
26a(24b) |
a. Mesokatepisternum with scales not extending to anterior angle, separated dorsally from posterior mesanepisternal scale patch |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) implicatus (Vockeroth) [in part] |
b. Pale-scaled knee spots on all femora |
26b |
a. Mesokatepisternum with scales extending to anterior angle, not separated posterior mesanepisternal scale patch |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) provocans (Walker) |
b. Femora without knee spots |
|
27a(23b) |
a. Ab terga without basal pale bands, or if present, on fewer than half of segments |
28 |
27b |
a. Ab terga usually with pale basal bands on Ab1-7, at least on more than half, or if absent, then with stripe of pale scales laterally |
31 |
|
28a(27a) |
a. Ab sterna entirely pale scaled |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) aurifer (Coquillett) |
b. Forecoxa with at least some brown scales |
28b |
a. At some Ab sterna with dark scales apically |
29 |
b. Forecoxa with all pale scales |
|
29a(28b) |
a. Scutum with broad median longitudinal stripe of dark scales, broadening abruptly just posterior to scutal angle |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) thibaulti (Dyar & Knab) |
29b |
a. Scutum with 2 narrower brown-scaled stripes, sometimes fused, if so, not distinctly broadening posteriorly |
30 |
|
30a(29b) |
a. Mesokatepisternum with < 10 setae, usually 5-6 |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) decticus (Howard, Dyar & Knab) |
b. Occiput with submedian spots of dark scales |
c. Metameron bare a. Mesokatepisternum with 10-20 setae |
30b |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) diantaeus (Howard, Dyar & Knab) |
b. Occiput lacking submedian spots of dark scales |
c. Metameron with small scale patch |
|
31a(27b) |
a. Postprocoxal scale patch absent |
32 |
31b |
a. Postprocoxal scale patch present |
36 |
|
32a(31a) |
a. Scutum with unicolorous scales, or if median longitudinal stripe present, its scales lighter than those laterally |
33 |
b. Mesokatepisternum with scales usuall.y not extending to anterior angle |
33b |
a. Scutum with dark median longitudinal stripe |
35 |
b. Mesokatepisternum with scales extending to anterior angle |
|
34a(32a) |
a. Forecoxae with patch of brown scales |
Aedes (Aedes) cinereus Meigen |
b. Subspiracular area bare |
34b |
a. Forecoxae with patch of pale scales, or with few dark scales only |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) intrudens (Dyar) [in part] |
b. Subspiracular area with scales |
also: Lower mesepimeral setae present; metameron with scales |
|
35a(33b) |
a. Scutellar and supraalar setae yellowish |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) sticticus (Meigen) |
b. Mesepimeron usually without lower setae, ventral quater devoid of scales |
35b |
a. Scutellar and supraalar setae brown or black |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) communis (De Geer) |
b. Mesepimeron usually with lower setae, ventral quater scaled |
also: Tooth of mesotarsal claw long, thin, claw usually curved abruptly distal to tooth |
|
36a(31b) |
a. Scutum with many long dark setae, hairy in appearance
|
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) impiger (Walker) |
b. Postpronotum with setae scattered over posterior |
also: Protarsal claw sharply bent apical to long tooth; postspiracular setae < 10 |
36b |
a. Scutum with few long setae, not hairy in appearance |
37 |
b. Postpronotum with setae in single or irregular double row along the posterior border |
also: Proboscis and palpi dark scaled; Ab7 tergum no more than half pale scaled |
|
37a(36b) |
a. Proepisternum without scales on anterior face, at least in ventral half |
38 |
37b |
a. Proepisternum fully scaled on anterior face |
39 |
|
38a(37a) |
a. Protarsal claw sharply bent distal to tooth |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) implicatus (Vockeroth) [in part] |
b. Mesokatepisternal scales not reaching the anterior angle |
c. Wings with > 7 pale scales at base of vein C |
38b |
a. Protarsal claw elongate, very gradually curving distal to tooth |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) punctor (Kirby) [in part], Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) aboriginis (Dyar) |
b. Mesokatepisternal scales reaching the anterior angle |
c. Wings with < 7 dark scales at base of vein C |
|
39a(37b) |
a. Supraalar and scutellar setae dark brown or black |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) pionips Dyar |
b. With > 13 postmetasternal scales |
39b |
a. Supraalar and scutellar setae yellow brown |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) abserratus (Felt & Young), Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) punctor (Kirby) [in part] |
b. Postmetasternal scales absent or with 2-3 scales only |
|
Aedes Meigen and Ochlerotatus - 4th Instar Larvae
(adapted from Darsie and Ward 2005)
1a |
a. Siphon with > 1 pair of setae, excluding seta 2-S |
2 |
1b |
a. Siphon with 1 pair of seta, excluding seta 2-S |
3 |
|
2a(1a) |
a. Bases of setae 5,6, and 7-C nearly in a straight line |
Aedes (Aedes) cinereus Meigen |
2b |
a. Bases of seta 6 distinctly anterior to setae 5-C and 7-C |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) provocans (Walker) |
also: Siphon with 4,5 pairs of subdorsal setae; Ab8 with 14-16 comb scales |
|
3a(2b) |
a. Saddle completely encircling Ab10 |
4 |
also: Pecten on siphon with > 1 distal spines detached apically; Seta 1-S attached distal to pecten |
3b |
a. Saddle not completely encircling Ab10 |
8 |
|
4a(3a) |
a. Comb scale with apical spine < 3.0x the length of subapical spinules or fringed by subequal spinules |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) trivittatus (Coquillett, 1902) |
b. Thoracic integument aculeate |
also: Comb scale with apical spine about 2.0-3.0 x the length of the subapical spinules; median spine of comb scale no more than 2.0 x wide at base and < 2.0 x longer than the subapical spines |
4b |
a. Comb scale with apical spine at least 4.0x the length of subapical spinules |
5 |
b. Thoracic integument smooth |
|
5a(4a) |
a. Setae 2,3-X both single |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) abserratus (Felt & Young) |
b. Most setae on head and body coarse, about equal in diameter throughout |
5b |
a. Setae 2-X multibranched, 3-X single |
6 |
b. Head and body setae finely attenuated apically |
|
6a(5b) |
a. Anal papilla-saddle index at least 8.0, papilla with darkly pigmented tracheae |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) dupreei (Coquillett) |
b. Seta 2-X with 2,3 branches |
6b |
a. Anal papilla-saddle index at most 5.0, usually much less, papilla lacking dark tracheae |
7 |
b. Seta 2-X with > 4 branches |
also: Comb scales 10-30, small |
|
7a(6b) |
a. Seta 2-S much shorter than apical pecten spine |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) punctor (Kirby) |
b. Seta 1-X subequal to saddle |
7b |
a. Seta 2-S equal to length
of apical pecten spine |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) sollicitans (Walker) |
b. Seta 1-X shorter than saddle |
also: Siphon index 2.0-2.5; pecten reaching to middle of siphon or more distally; setae 5.6-C attenuated apically |
|
8a(4b) |
a. Pectin on siphon > 1 spines detached distally |
9 |
8b |
a. Pectin with spines more or less evenly spaced |
21 |
|
9a(8b) |
a. Seta 1-S attached within pecten |
10 |
9b |
a. Seta 1-S attached distal to pecten |
11 |
|
10a(9a) |
a. Seta 5,6-C with 3-6 branches, placed far forward, anterior to 7-C |
Ochlerotatus (Finlaya) japonicus (Theobald) [non-native, introduced] |
10b |
a. Seta 5,6-C single or double, at least 5-C placed posterior to seta 7-C |
Ochlerotatus (Finlaya) atropalpus (Coquillett) |
also: Comb scales fringed with subequal spinules; seta 1-X attached ventral to saddle; seta 1-M long, reaching anterior to level of seta 0-P; with > 34 comb scales (usually 34-62) |
|
11a(9b) |
a. Antenna equal to length of head capsule, or longer |
12 |
11b |
a. Antenna shorter than head capsule |
13 |
|
12a(11a) |
a. Seta 1-A attached near middle of antenna |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) diantaeus (Howard, Dyar & Knab) |
b. With < 15 comb scales in an irregular row |
12b |
a. Seta 1-A attached to distal 0.4 of antenna |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) aurifer (Coquillett) |
b. With > 20 comb scales in patch |
|
13a(11b) |
a. Thorax and abdomen with integement aculeate |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) spencerii (Theobald) |
also: Comb scales < 13; median spine of comb scale broad at base |
13b |
a. Thorax and abdomen with integement glabrous |
14 |
|
14a(13b) |
a. Comb scales in patch of 18 or more |
15 |
14b |
a. Comb scales in single or irregular double row, usually 17 or fewer |
16 |
|
15a(14a) |
a. Siphon slender, index about 5.0 |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) excrucians (Walker) |
b. Seta 6 usually single on Ab3-6 |
15b |
a. Siphon stouter, index < 4.0 |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) campestris (Dyar & Knab) |
b. Seta 6 double on Ab3-6 16 |
also: Pecten reaching distal to middle of siphon; seta 1-M longer than antenna |
|
16a(14b) |
a. Seta 5-C with < 3 branches |
17 |
16b |
a. Seta 5-C single or double, rarely triple on both sides |
19 |
|
17a(16a) |
a. Branches of seta 1-S rarely > 0.5 x length of basal diameter of siphon |
Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen) |
b. Saddle not incised on ventral margin |
17b |
a. Branches of seta 1-S equal to length of basal diameter of siphon |
18 |
b. Saddle deeply incised on ventral margin |
|
18a(17b) |
a. Seta 6 usually single on Ab3-6 |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) intrudens (Dyar) |
b. Seta 1-S with > 4 branches |
18b |
a. Seta 6 usually double on Ab3-6 |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) euedes (Howard, Dyar & Knab) [in part] |
b. Seta 1-S double or triple |
|
19a(16b) |
a. Antenna > 0.6 x length of head capsule |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) decticus (Howard, Dyar & Knab) |
b. Setae 5-7-C coarse, of about equal diameter throughout |
19b |
a. Antenna < 0.5 x length of head capsule |
20 |
b. Setae 5-7-C gradually tapering apically |
|
20a(19b) |
a. Comb with > 12 scales |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) euedes (Howard, Dyar & Knab) [in part] |
b. Pecten on siphon with > 18 spines |
20b |
a. Comb with > 11 scales |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) riparius (Dyar & Knab) |
b. Pecten on siphon with < 17 spines |
also: Setae 5,6-C double; saddle incised along ventral margin |
|
21a(8b) |
a. Seta 1-A single or double, antenna usually smooth, or with tiny spinules |
22 |
21b |
a. Seta 1-A > 3 branches, antenna with prominent coarse spinules |
24 |
|
22a(21a) |
a. Comb scale with pointed unfringed median spine |
Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) |
also: Seta 1-A short, not reaching more than 0.75 x the distance to the apex of the antenna; seta 1-C long, thin; siphon without acus; Ab8 with 6-12 comb scales, scales with laterobasal fringe of fine spicules; setal support plate of setae 9-12-M-T with short thin spine; seta 7-C double |
22b |
a. Comb scale rather
blunt apically, evenly fringed with short spinules |
23 |
|
23a(22b) |
a. Seta 4-X with 6 pairs of fanlike setae |
Ochlerotatus (Protomacleaya) triseriatus (Say) |
b. Acus usually attached to siphon and removed from base of siphon |
c. Anal papillae not bulbous, dorsal pair longer than ventral pair |
23b |
a. Seta 4-X with 5 pairs of fanlike setae |
Ochlerotatus (Protomacleaya) hendersoni Cockerell |
b. Acus detached and removed from base of siphon |
c. Both pairs of anal papillae about the same length, bulbous also: Seta 4-X with 2 most anterior setae double |
|
24a(21b) |
a. Individual comb scale with median spine > 1.5 x the length of subapical spinules |
25 |
24b |
a. Individual comb scale fringed with subequal spinules or with median spine < 1.5 x length of subapical spinules |
30 |
|
25a(24a) |
a. Siphon index 4.0-5.0 |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) fitchii (Felt & Young) |
b. Apical pecten spine nearly equal to apical diameter of siphon |
25b |
a. Siphon index usually < 4.0 |
26 |
b. Apical pecten spine not more than half the apical diameter of siphon |
|
26a(25b) |
a. Comb with 8-16 scales |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) impiger (Walker) |
also: Saddle extending only about 0.5 to midventral line; anal papilla-saddle index > 2.0 |
26b |
a. Comb with > 18 scales |
27 |
|
27a(26b) |
a. Seta 1-X longer than saddle |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) aboriginis (Dyar) |
also: Posterior border of saddle without aciculae; seta 1-M single |
27b |
a. Seta 1-X shorter than saddle |
28 |
|
28a(27b) |
a. Setae 5,6-C single, rarely double |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) stimulans (Walker)
|
also: Seta 1 attached about at middle of siphon; seta 1-M longer than 2-M; comb scale with median spine about 1.5 x the length of the subapical spinules; usually < 35 comb scales |
28b |
a. Seta 5-C with 2-4 branches, 6-C usually double |
29 |
also: Seta 1-M shorter than setae 3-M and 5-C |
|
29a(28a) |
a. Siphon index 3.2-4.0 |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) flavescens (Müller) [in part] |
b. Comb scale with stout subapical spinules |
29b |
a. Siphon index 2.5-3.0 |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) sticticus (Meigen) |
b. Comb scale with weak subapical spinules |
|
30a(24b) |
a. Seta 5-C with > 4 branches |
31 |
b. 6-C with > 3 branches |
30b |
a. Seta 5-C with 1-3 branches, rarely 4 |
33 |
b. 6-C single or double, rarely triple |
|
31a(30a) |
a. Seta 1-M about length of antenna or longer |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) pionips Dyar |
also: Seta 3-P single; with > 70 comb scales |
31b |
a. Seta 1-M much shorter than antenna |
32 |
|
32a(31b) |
a. Comb scale with apical and subapical spines much stouter than lateral spinules |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) thibaulti (Dyar & Knab) |
32b |
a. Comb scale fringed with subequal spinules |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) canadensis (Theobald) |
also: Setae 6-I,II double |
|
33a(30b) |
a. Seta 1-M about equal or longer in length than the antenna |
34 |
33b |
a.
Seta 1-M shorter in length than the antenna |
36 |
|
34a(33a) |
a. Pecten extending to distal half of siphon, most apical spines 1,2 stouter than preceding two, and about 2.0 x in length of seta 2-S |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) campestris (Dyar & Knab) [in part] |
34b |
a. Pecten in basal half of siphon, the 2 most apical spines not much stouter than the preceding two, and about equal in length to seta 2-S |
35 |
|
35a(34b) |
a. Seta 1-X about half the length of saddle |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) dorsalis (Meigen) |
b. The 4 setae 5,6-C usually single, or total of single and branches of branched setae rarely more than 7 |
35b |
a. Seta 1-X almost equal to length of saddle |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) grossbecki (Dyar & Knab) |
b. The 4 setae 5,6-C usually branched, the total of single and branches of branched setae usually 10, not fewer than 8 |
|
36a(33b) |
a. Comb scales > 36, with median spine no stouter than subapical spinules |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) communis (De Geer) |
also: Head broad, usually 1.2-1.33 mm wide; siphon long, usually 1.0-1.14 mm long |
|
|
36b |
a. Comb scales < 35, with median spine stouter than subapical spinules on at least some scales |
Ochlerotatus (Ochlerotatus) implicatus (Vockeroth) |
also: Pecten confined to basal half of siphon; setae 1-IV,V long, single to triple; comb scales with apical spine longer than subapical spinules; seta 7-P usually double; posterior border of saddle finely aciculate |
|
|
|
Culiseta Felt
Culiseta - Females
(adapted from Darsie and Ward 2005)
Culex Linnaeus
Culex - Females
(adapted from Darsie and Ward 2005)
1a |
a. Scutum without middorsal acrostichial setae |
Culex (Melanoconion) erraticus (Dyar & Knab) |
b. Occiput with broad appressed scales, at least on ocular line also: Mesepimeron with large patch of broad pale scales |
1b |
a.
Scutum with middorsal acrostichial setae |
2 |
b. Occiput with narrow appressed scales |
|
2a(1b) |
a. Ab terga with bands or lateral patches of pale scales along apical border |
Culex (Neoculex) territans Walker |
also: Ab2-3 terga with apical bands or apicolateral patches of pale scales extending onto dorsum; apicolateral patches extending basally at least to half of Ab4-6 terga, usually connected to dorsoapical pale bands; palpi about 2.0 x length of the antennal flagellmere 4; wing cell R2 about 3.0 x the length of vein R2+3; apcial and apiolateral scales of Ab2-7 whitish |
2b |
a. Ab terga with bands or lateral patches of pale scales along basal border |
3 |
|
3a(2b) |
a. Hind tarsomeres with rather distinct, broad basal and apical bands of pale scales |
Culex (Culex) tarsalis Coquillett |
also: Proboscis with complete distinct ring of pale scales; anterior surface of forefemur and tibia with pale stripe, or line of pale-scaled spots; V-shaped dark-scaled marks on Ab sterna |
3b |
a. Hind tarsomeres dark scaled, or if with pale scales, then as very narrow basal bands |
4 |
|
4a(3b) |
a. Ab terga usually with narrow basal bands of white or yellow scales, Ab7 tergum mostly with dingy yellow scales |
Culex (Culex) salinarius Coquillett |
also: Ab2-6 terga with basolateral patches or narrow basal bands of dingy yellow scales sometimes blended with similar scales on apex of preceding segment; thoracic pleura with several patches of pale scales, each with 6 or more scales |
4b |
a. Ab terga with conspicuous basal pale bands |
5 |
|
5a(4b) |
a. Basal pale bands on Ab terga rounded posteriorly, with marked sublateral constrictions, narrowly joined to large lateral pale patches |
Culex (Culex) pipiens Linnaeus |
b. Scutum without pale-scaled spots |
5b |
a. Basal pale bands on Ab terga more or less straight posteriorly, broadly joined to small lateral pale patches with only slight sublateral constriction, if at all |
Culex (Culex) restuans Theobald |
b. Scutum with a pair of pale-scaled submedian spots near middle |
also: Wing cell R2 4.5 x or more the length of vein R2+3; medium size species, wing length > 4.0 mm |
|
Culex - 4th Instar Larvae
(adapted from Darsie and Ward 2005)
1a |
a. Seta 6-C with > 3 branches also: Ab10 with 4 anal papillae |
2 |
1b |
a. Seta 6-C single or double |
5 |
|
2a(1a) |
a. Siphon setae long, irregularly placed, mostly single |
Culex (Culex) restuans Theobald |
also: Antennae not markedly constricted distally, seta 1-A attached near middle |
2b |
a. Siphon setae linear, sometimes with 1,2 pairs dorsally out of line, mostly branched |
3 |
also: Siphon without spines near apex |
|
3a(2b) |
a. Siphon with setae in straight line, usually with 5 pairs of setae |
Culex (Culex) tarsalis Coquillett |
b. Siphon index 4.5-5.5 |
3b |
a. Siphon with 4-5 pairs of setae not all in straight line, 1,2 pairs dorsally out of line |
4 |
|
4a(3b) |
a. Siphon index 4.0-5.0 |
Culex (Culex) pipiens Linnaeus |
also: Aciculae on dorsoposterior border of saddle not much larger than those at dorsal middle; setae 6-III,IV usually single or double |
4b |
a. Siphon index 6.0-8.0 |
Culex (Culex) salinarius Coquillett |
also: Siphon usually with 4 pairs of setae, only 1 pair dorsally out of line; thoracic integument glabrous; seta 1-M much longer than 2-M; seta 1-X usually double |
|
5a(1b) |
a. Pecten spines with 1-4 lateral denticles |
Culex (Neoculex) territans Walker |
b. Seta 2-S straight |
c. Siphon without subdorsal setae |
also: Seta 6-C (usually single) longer than 5-C (single, occasionally double or triple), usually not both double; seta 1a-S not more than 1.2 x longer than the distance from alveolus to the base of the siphon; Ab3-5 evenly pigmented |
5b |
a. Pecten spines with > 10 denticles |
Culex (Melanoconion) erraticus (Dyar & Knab) |
b. Seta 2-S strongly curved |
c. Siphon with 1 or more pairs of subdorsal setae |
also: At least some comb scales with large median spine; siphon index > 6.0, most distal seta not near apex |
|
References
Darsie Jr. RF, Ward RA. 2005. Identification and geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, north of Mexico. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. xiv + 383 p.
Page created: June 11, 2006 (EB) - Last updated:
December 4, 2013
(EB)
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