1a |
a. Antennae shorter than head, inserted beneath eyes, not plainly visible from above |
2 |
also: Aquatic or semiaquatic, at margins of lotic or lentic habitats |
1b |
a. Antennae longer than head, inserted forward of eyes, plainly visible from above |
7 |
also: Semiaquatic, on surface (nektonic) or at aquatic margins |
|
2a(1a) |
a. Beak triangular, very short, unsegmented but often transversely striated, appearing as apex of head |
Corixidae |
b. Front tarsus with a single segment, scooplike, fringed with stiff setae forming a rake |
2b |
a. Beak cylindrical, short to long, with 3 or 4 segments |
3 |
b. Front tarsus not scooplike or fringed with stiff setae |
|
3a(2b) |
Apex of abdomen with a pair of flat, retractile air straps with pubescence on the surface |
Belostomatidae |
3b |
Apex of abdomen terminating in a long, single cylindrical siphon composed of 2 slender, nonrectractile filaments |
Nepidae |
3c |
Apex of abdomen without respiratory appendages |
4 |
|
4a(3c) |
a. Middle and hind legs without fringe-like swimming hairs |
Gelastocoridae, Gelastocoris oculatus (Fabricius) |
b. Ocelli present |
also: Front legs raptorial (grasping), femora broad; rostrum short, not reaching the hind coxae; antennae not visible from above; toad-like in appearance |
4b |
a. Middle and hind legs with fringe-like swimming hairs |
5 |
b. Ocelli absent |
also: aquatic; not toad-like in appearance |
|
5a(4a) |
a. Front legs raptorial, femora broad |
Naucoridae, Pelocoris femoratus (Palisot de Beauvois) |
b. Body dorsoventrally flattened |
5b |
a. Front legs slender, femora not broad |
6 |
b. Body strongly convex dorsally |
|
6a(4b) |
a. Body form ovoid, very small (length < 3mm) |
Pleidae, Neoplea striola (Fieber) |
b. All legs similar |
c. Hind tarsus with 2 well-developed claws |
6b |
a. Body form elongate, length 5 mm or more |
Notonectidae |
b. Hind legs long, oarlike |
c. Claws of hind tarsus inconspicuous |
|
7a(1b) |
a. Membrane of wing with 4 or 5 distinct similar cells |
Saldidae |
b. Hind coxae large, transverse, with broad coxal cavity |
7b |
a. Membrane of wing without distinct similar cells |
8 |
b. Hind coxae small, cylindrical, or conical, with coxal cavity socketlike |
|
8a(7b) |
Claws of at least front tarsus inserted before apex of leg |
9 |
8b |
Claws of all legs inserted at tips of tarsus |
10 |
|
9a(8a) |
a. Hind femur short, distally either scarcely or not surpassing apex of abdomen |
Veliidae |
b. Metasternum with a pair of lateral scent grooves terminating on pleura in front of hind coxae |
c. Dorsum of head usually with a medial longitudinal sulcus or glabrous (smooth) stripe |
d. Middle legs inserted about midway between front and hind legs (except Rhagovelia, which has a feathery-like structure on the middle tarsus) |
9b |
a. Hind femur long, distally greatly exceeding apex of abdomen (except scarcely exceeding apex in Rheumatobates females) |
Gerridae |
b. Metasternal region with a single median scent gland opening (omphalium) |
c. Dorsum of head without a median groove or line (except in Rheumatobates) |
d. Middle legs inserted closer to hind legs than fore legs |
|
10a(8b) |
a. Body long, slender, stick-like |
Hydrometridae, Hydrometra martini Kirkaldy |
b. Head as long as, or longer, than combined length of pronotum and scutellum |
10b |
a. Body stout, not stick-like |
11 |
b. Head not greater than combined length of pronotum and scutellum, or pronotum alone in wingless form |
|
11a(10b) |
a. Tarsi 2-segmented |
Hebridae |
b. Head ventrally with a deep, longitudinal channel for reception of rostrum |
11b |
a. Tarsi 3-segmented |
Mesoveliidae |
b. Head ventrally without a longitudinal channel |
also: Inner margins of eyes converging anteriorly; femora with at least 1 or 2 black spines on dorsum distally; winged forms with exposed bilobed scutellum |