Aquatic Insects of Michigan

by Ethan Bright, Museum of Zoology Insect Division and School of Natural Resources and Environment
University of Michigan

CERATOPOGONIDAE Newman, 1834 (No-See-Ums, Biting midges)

Ceratopogonids are small flies, less than 6 mm and often much smaller. The common name "no-see-ums" refers to the many species with small females being blood feeders on vertebrates, including humans, that often attack in many numbers and leave an irritating or painful bite. Some swarms of biting no-see-ums can be severe pests of humans and animals, and some species are associated as vectors of parasites and viruses. Immatures are mostly aquatic, with some associated with eutrophic conditions, and many are carnivorous, although omnivory or detritovory is also associated with other aquatic species and semi-terrestrial or terrestrial forms.

Below is a preliminary list of species based on records in the UMMZ-Insect Division collection (identified by Wirth, Stone & Steyskal) as well as literature sources, principally those of Wirth, Borkent & Grogan. Currently, there are 85 species in 24 genera of ceratopogonids documented in Michigan, with at least another 81 species and 1 genus likely to occur based on their known regional distribution. Genera are denoted in green; species denoted in bold blue have been recorded in Michigan; species denoted in black bold are likely to occur in Michigan based on their known distribution with nearby state/provincial localities from which certified records have been published. Synonomous species (indented) are listed below the current valid species (denoted in bold) with its taxonomic status indicated. You can use the Find function in your web browser desired a taxon.

Allohelea Kieffer, 1917: 364 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)

Allohelea nebulosa (Coquillett, 1901: 606 as Ceratopogon) - WI, east, Wirth 1991: 494
Allohelea johannseni (Wirth, 1953b: 153 as Monohelea) - Wirth 1991: 499

Alluaudomyia Kieffer, 1913: 12 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)

Alluaudomyia bella (Coquillett, 1902a: 87 as Ceratopogon) - widespread, WI (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 18)
(syn.) Isoecacta poeyi Garrett, 1925: 9
(syn.) Alluaudomyia splendida, authors, not Winnertz
Alluaudomyia footei Wirth, 1952a: 428 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 18
Alluaudomyia megaparamera Williams, 1957: 327 - Williams 1957: 327; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 18
Alluaudomyia needhami Thomsen, 1935: 287 - widespread, WI (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 18)
Alluaudomyia parva Wirth, 1952a: 431 - Williams 1956; see also Grogan & Bystrak 1976
(syn.) Alluadomyia downesi Wirth, 1952a: 431
Alluaudomyia wirthi Williams, 1957: 328 - Williams 19578: 328; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 18

Atrichopogon Kieffer, 1906: 53 (Subfamily Forcipomyiinae)

Atrichopogon (Meloehelea) downesi Wirth, 1980: 129 - MN, east (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 6)
Atrichopogon (Meloehelea) epicautae Wirth, 1956: 21 - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 6)
Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) falcatus Boesel, 1973: 214- Boesel 1973: 214-215 (holotype from Emmet Co.)
Atrichopogon (Lophomyidium) fusculus Coquillett, 1901: 205 as Ceratopogon) - widespread (Boesel 1973: 209; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 6; Malloch 1915: 304-306)
Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) fusinervis (Malloch, 1915: 308 as Ceratopogon) - Boesel 1973: 211; see also Malloch 1915: 308
Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) geminus Boesel, 1973: 211 - OH, ON (Boesel 1973: 211-213)
Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) levis (Coquillett, 1901: 604 as Ceratopogon) - UMMZ; Malloch 1915: 307-308
(syn.) Ceratopogon exilis Coquillett, 1902a: 86
Atrichopogon (Meloehelea) lucorum (Meigen, 1818: 72 as Ceratopogon) - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 6)
Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) minutus (Meigen, 1830: 263 as Ceratopogon) - OH (Boesel 1973: 206-207), widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 5)
Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) peregrinus (Johannsen, 1908: 266 as Ceratopogon) - UMMZ; Malloch 1915: 308-309; see also Boesel 1973: 210-211
Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) titanus Boesel, 1973: 213 - OH (Boesel 1973: 213-214), expect in se LP
Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) websteri (Coquillett, 1901: 603 as Ceratopogon) - IL, OH, ON, widespread (Boesel 1973: 207-208; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 5)

Bezzia Kieffer, 1899: 69 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Palpomyiini)

Bezzia (Bezzia) albidorsata Malloch, 1915: 349 - IL, eastern (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 26)
Bezzia (Bezzia) apicata Malloch, 1914b: 284 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 18
Bezzia (Homobezzia) bicolor (Meigen, 1804: 31 as Ceratopogon)
(syn.) Probezzia copiosa Thomsen, 1935: 292
Bezzia (Bezzia) bivittata (Coquillett, 1905: 60 as Ceratopogon) - Wirth & Grogan 1983: 494,499-501, 503
(comb.) Probezzia bivittata (Coquillett, 1905), Johannsen 1943: 267, Malloch 1914: 138
(comb.) Bezzia (Aspinabezzia) bivittata (Coquillett, 1905), Dow & Turner 1976: 126
Bezzia (Homobezzia) cockerelli Malloch, 1915: 346 - WI, widespread (Borkent & Grogran 2009: 27)
(syn.) Probezzia obscura Malloch, 1915: 355
Bezzia (Bezzia) dentata Malloch, 1914b: 284 - IL, widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 26)
Bezzia (Bezzia) expolita (Coquillett, 1901: 601 as Ceratopogon) - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 26)
(syn.) Ceratopogon johnsoni Coquillett, 1901: 600
Bezzia (Bezzia) flavitarsis Malloch, 1914b: 283 - IL, widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 26)
Bezzia (Bezzia) gibberella Wirth & Grogan, 1983: 508 - Wirth & Grogan 1983: 508-510
Bezzia (Homobezzia) glabra (Coquillett, 1902a: 85 as Ceratopogon) - UMMZ
Bezzia (Bezzia) nobilis (Winnertz, 1852: 79 as Ceratopogon) - Widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 26)
(syn.) Bezzia atlantica Wirth & Williams, 1957: 13
(syn.) Ceratopogon barberi Coquillett, 1901: 601
(syn.) Ceratopogon setulosa Loew, 1861: 312
Bezzia (Homobezzia) obelisca Dow & Turner, 1976: 104 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 27
Bezzia (Bezzia) uncistyla Dow & Turner, 1976: 80 - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 26)
Bezzia (Homobezzia) varicolor (Coquillett, 1902b: 84) - ON, WI, widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 27)

Brachypogon Kieffer, 1899: 69 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)

Brachypogon canadensis Downes, 1976: 1147 - Cooper 1991: 9; see also Borkent & Grogan 1995: 46
Ceratopogon multisetosus Borkent & Grogan, 1995: 76 - NB, BC, widespread northern (Borkent & Grogan 1995: 76)
Ceratopogon pandus Borkent & Grogan, 1995: 53 - WI (Borkent & Grogan 1995: 46)

Ceratopogon Meigen, 1803: 261 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)

Ceratopogon inverecundus Borkent & Grogan, 1995: 64 - widespread northern (Borkent & Grogan 1995: 46)
Ceratopogon multisetosus Borkent & Grogan, 1995: 76 - NB, BC, widespread northern (Borkent & Grogan 1995: 76)
Ceratopogon pandus Borkent & Grogan, 1995: 53 - WI (Borkent & Grogan 1995: 46)

Clinohelea Kieffer, 1917: 295 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Heteromyiini)

Clinohelea bimaculata (Loew, 1861: 311 as Ceratopogon) - Grogan & Wirth 1975: 281-283
(comb.) Johannseniella bimaculata (Loew, 1861), Malloch 1914: 226
(comb.) Johannsenomyia bimaculata (Loew, 1861), Malloch 1915: 332
Clinohelea curriei (Coquillett, 1905: 62 as Ceratopogon) - Grogan & Wirth 1975: 277-279; Malloch 1915: 322 (as P. nebulosa)
(comb.) Palpomyia curriei (Coquillett, 1905); Malloch 1914: 219
(comb.) Clinohelea curriei (Coquillett, 1905); Johannsen 1943: 783
(syn.) Palpomyia nebulosa Malloch, 1915: 322, Grogan & Wirth 1975: 278
(syn. comb.) Clinohelea nebulosa (Malloch, 1915), Johannsen 1943: 783

Culicoides Latreille, 1809: 251 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Culicoidini)

Culicoides (unplaced) alexanderi Wirth & Hubert, 1962: 190 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 16
(syn.) Culicoides pseudoptiliferus Wirth & Hubert, 1962: 189
Culicoides (Amossovia) arboricola Root & Hoffman, 1937: 166 - ON, MN, WI, widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 12)
Culicoides (Diphaomyia) baueri Hoffman, 1925: 297- WI west and east
Culicoides (Diphaomyia) bergi Cochrane, 1973: 311 - WI, WY-NY, south (Cochrane, 1973: 311; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 13)
Culicoides (unplaced) bickleyi Wirth & Hubert, 1962: 188 - WI east and south
Culicoides (Silvaticulicoides) biguttatus (Coquillett, 1901: 604) Ceratopogon (orig.) - UMMZ
Culicoides (Avaritia) chiopterus (Meigen, 1830: 263 as Ceratopogon) - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 12)
Culicoides (Beltranmyia) crepuscularis Malloch, 1915: 303 - IL west and east (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 13)
Culicoides (unplaced) denticulatus Wirth & Hubert, 1962: 193 - MN, ON, WI, widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 16)
(syn.) Culicoides unicorlor, authors, not Coquillett
Culicoides (unplaced) downesi Wirth & Hubert, 1962: 186 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 17
Culicoides (Amossovia) flukei Jones, 1956: 30 - ON, WI, east (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 12)
Culicoides (Oecacta) furensoides Williams, 1955: 271 - Williams, 1955: 271; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 15
(syn.) Culicoides dickei Jones, 1956: 28
Culicoides (Amossovia) guttipennis (Coquillett, 1901: 603 as Ceratopogon) - MN, OH (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 12)
Culicoides (Diphaomyia) haematopotus Malloch, 1915: 302 - IL west and east (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 13)
Culicoides (unplaced) jamnbacki Wirth & Hubert, 1962: 192 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 17
Culicoides (unplaced) nanus Root & Hoffman, 1937: 165 - ON, WI; see also Borkent & Grogan 2009: 17
Culicoides (Avaritia) obsoletus (Meigen, 1818: 76 as Ceratopogon)) - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 12)
Culicoides (Haematomyidium) paraensis (Goeldi, 1905: 137 as Haematomyidium) - WI, CO-PA (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 14)
Culicoides (Culicoides) paraimpunctatus Borkent, 1995: 60 - MN, WI, widespread north (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 13)
(syn.) Culicoides canadensis Wirth & Blanton, 1969: 211 [preocc. by Boese, 1937]
Culicoides (unplaced) piliferus Root & Hoffman, 1937: 163 - UMMZ; see also Borkent & Grogan 2009: 17
Culicoides (Avaritia) sanguisuga (Coquillett, 1901: 604 as Ceratopogon) - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 12)
(syn.) Simulium nocivum Harris, 1841: 405
Culicoides (unplaced) scanloni Wirth & Hubert, 1962: 187 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 17
Culicoides (Beltranmyia) sphagnumensis Williams, 1955: 269 - Williams, 1955: 269; see also Cooper 1991: 11 (Paratypes)
Culicoides (Silvaticulicoides) spinosus Root & Hoffman, 1937: 172 - ON, WI (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 15)
Culicoides (Oecacta) stellifer (Coquillett, 1901: 604 as Ceratopogon) - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 15
Culicoides (Wirthomyia) stilobezzioides Foote & Pratt, 1954: 33 - AK-NF, MN, south (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 16)
Culicoides (unplaced) travisi Vargas, 1949: 233 - ON, WI, widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 17)
(syn.) Culicoides simulans Root & Hoffman, 1937: 167 [preocc. by Vimmer, 1932]
(syn.) Culicoides horneae Foote & Pratt, 1954: 25
Culicoides (Monoculicoides) variipennis (Coquillett, 1901: 602 as Ceratopogon) - Wirth & Jones 1957
[Note: this species has been implicated in transmitting epizootic hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
(spell.) Culicoides varipennis (Coquillett, 1901), Malloch 1915: 297
Culicoides (Hoffmania) venustus Hoffman, 1925: 290 - widespread east (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 14)
Culicoides (Amossovia) villosipennis Root & Hoffman, 1937: 165 - WI southwest and east (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 12)
Culicoides (Beltranmyia) wisconsinensis Jones, 1956: 32 - see also Borkent & Grogan 2009: 13



Dasyhelea Kieffer, 1911a: 5 (Subfamily Dasyheleinae)

Dasyhelea ampla Borkent, in Borkent & Wirth, 1997: 51 - Waugh & Wirth 1976: 224-225 (as D. major)
(syn.) Pscudoculicoides major Malloch, 1915: 311; preocc. by Stroble, 1906
(syn. comb..) Dasyhelea major (Malloch, 1915), Thomsen, 1935: 23
Dasyhelea cincta (Coquillett, 1901: 605 as Ceratopogon) - Malloch 1915: 311 (42.405°N,-86.042°W [estm.])
(comb.) Culicoides cinctus (Coquillett, 1901), Kieffer 1906: 54
(comb.) Pseudoculicoides cinctus (Coquillett, 1901), Malloch 1915: 311
Dasyhelea flavifrons (Guérin, 1833: 165 as Ceratopogon) - Waugh & Wirth 1976: 230-231 (as D. opressa)
(syn.) Dasyhelea opressa Thomsen, 1935: 285; Thomsen 1937: 68
Dasyhelea grisea (Coquillett, 1901: 602 as Ceratopogon) - Waugh & Wirth 1976: 228-229
(comb.) Culicoides griseus (Coquillett, 1901), Kieffer 1906: 54
(comb.) Dasyhelea grisea (Coquillett, 1901), Thomsen 1935: 283, Thomsen 1937: 37; Wirth 1952: 155
(syn.) Dasyhelea subcaerulea Thomsen, 1935: 284
Dasyhelea leptobranchia Waugh & Wirth, 1976: 236 - WI-NY (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 11)
Dasyhelea mutabilis (Coquillett, 1901: 602 as Ceratopogon) - widespread (Malloch 1915: 310; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 11)
(comb.) Pseudoculicoides mutabilis (Coquillett, 1901), Malloch 1915: 310
Dasyhelea navaiae Waugh & Wirth, 1976: 240 - Waugh & Wirth 1976: 240
Dasyhelea stemlerae Waugh & Wirth, 1976: 233 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 11
Dasyhelea traverae Thomsen, 1935: 285 as Dasyhelea)

Echinohelea Macfie, 1940: 187 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)

Echinohelea lanei Wirth 1951: 319 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 20

Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818: 73, 75 (Subfamily Forcipomyiinae)

Forcipomyia (Synthryridomyia) acidicola (Tokunaga, 1937: 455 as Lasiohelea) - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 9)
(syn.) Forcipomyia colemani Wirth, 1952: 146
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) aurea Malloch, 1915: 318 - IL
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1767: 978 as Tipula) - widespread, Holarctic (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 7)
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) brevipennis (Macquart, 1826: 179 as Ceratopogon) - BC-QB, s. to LA (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 7)
(syn.) Ceratopogon specularis Coquillett, 1901: 601
(syn. comb.) Forcipomyia specularis (Coquillett, 1901: 601)
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bystraki Grogan & Wirth, 1975a: 466 - Grogan & Wirth 1975a: 466
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) cilipes (Coquillett, 1900: 397 as Ceratopogon) - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 7)
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) concolor Malloch, 1915: 319 - IL (Malloch 1915: 319)
Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) crinita Saunders, 1964: 474 - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 10)
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) elegantula Malloch, 1915: 311 - IL, widespread (Grogan & Wirth 1975b: 95-101; see also Wirth & Grogan 1978)
Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) eques (Johannsen, 1908: 266 as Ceratopogon)
Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) fairfaxensis Wirth, 1951b: 317 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 8
Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) frutetorum (Winnertz, 1852: 29 as Ceratopogon) - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 9-10
(syn.) Forcipomyia aspinosa Saunders, 1957: 692
Forcipomyia (Microhelea) fuliginosa (Meigen, 1818: 86 as Ceratopogon) - cosmopolitan, Nearctic widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 8)
Forcipomyia erucicida Knab, 1914: 65
(syn.) Ceratopogon coquilletti Kieffer, 1917: 297
(syn.) Focipomyia brookmani Wirth, 1952b: 140
Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) glauca Macfie, 1934b: 144 - Wirth, 1951b: 315
(syn.) Forcipomyia splendida Wirth, 1951b: 315
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) hirtula (Zetterstedt, 1838: 815 as Chironomus) - AK-ON, south (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 7)
(syn.) Forcipomyia simulata Walley, 1932: 165
Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) glauca Macfie, 1934: 144 - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 6)
Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) mcateei Wirth, 1956: 359
(syn.) Forcipomyia saundersi Chan, in Chan & LeRoux, 1965: 87
Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) monilicornis (Coquillett, 1905: 63 as Ceratopogon) - widespread
(syn.) Thyridomyia palustris Saunders, 1925: 269
Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) palustris (Meigen, 1804: 28 as Ceratopogon) - IL, widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 7)
(syn.) Ceratopogon hirtipennis Malloch, 1915: 313
(syn. comb.) Forcipomyia (Euforcipomyia) hirtipennis (Malloch, 1915)
Forcipomyia (Metaforcipomyia) pluvialis Malloch, 1923: 5 - ON south (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 8)
Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) squamipes (Coquillett, 1902a: 88 as Ceratopogon) - widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 7)
(syn.) Ceratopogon brumalis Long, 1902: 10
Forcipomyia (Focipomyia) texana (Long, 1902: 10 as Ceratopogon) - widespread

Heteromyia Say, 1825: pl. 35 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Heteromyiini)

Heteromyia prattii Coquillett, 1902a: 88 - Wirth & Grogan 1977: 179-181

Jenkinshelea Macfie, 1934: 177 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Spaheromiini)

Jenkinshelea albaria (Coquillett, 1895: 308 as Ceratopogon) - IL, ON, south and east (Grogan & Wirth 1977: 129-135)
(syn.) Johannsenomyia aequalis Malloch, 1915: 336
Jenkinshelea magnipennis (Johannsen, 1908: 268 as Johannseniella) - Grogan & Wirth 1977: 134, 137-139

Johannsenomyia Malloch, 1915: 332 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Sphaeromiini)

Johannsenomyia annulicornis Malloch, 1918b: 230- Wirth 1962: 276; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 24
(comb.) Dicrohelea annulicornis (Malloch, 1918), Johannsen 1943: 783
Johannsenomyia argentata (Loew, 1861: 310 as Ceratopogon) - Wirth 1962: 277
(comb.) Johannseniella argentata (Loew, 1861), Malloch 1914: 226, Malloch 1915: 334
(comb.) Spaeromias argentata (Loew, 1861), Kieffer 1917: 315
(syn.) Ceratopogon halteralis Malloch, 1915: 338 (in part)

Leptoconops Skuse, 1889: 288 (Subfamily Leptoconopinae)

Leptoconops (Holoconops) catawbae (Boesel, 1948: 69 as Holoconops)

Mallochohelea Wirth, 1962: 278 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Sphaeromiini)

Mallochohelea albibasis (Malloch, 1915: 315 as Johannsenomyia) - Wirth 1962: 279-280
Mallochohelea albihalter Wirth, 1962: 280 - Wirth 1962: 280
Mallochohelea atripes Wirth, 1962: 281 - Wirth 1962: 281
Mallochohelea flavidula (Malloch, 1914c: 230 as Johannsenomyia) - IL, WI (Wirth 1962: 281-282; Borkent & Grogan 2009: 24)
Mallochohelea smithi (Lewis, 1956: 47 as Johannsenomyia) - Wirth 1962: 282
Mallochohelea variegata Wirth, 1962: 283 - Wirth 1962: 283

Monohelea Kieffer, 1917: 294 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)

Monohelea grogani Delécolle & Rieb, 1995: 34 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 20
Monohelea jamnbacki Wirth & Williams, 1964: 308 - Wirth & Williams, 1964: 308
Monohelea macflei Wirth, 1953b: 143
Monohelea magnitheca Wirth & Grogan, 1981: 42 - ON, WI, widespread north (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 20)
Monohelea obscura Wirth & Williams, 1964: 304 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 20

Nilobezzia Kieffer, 1921: 24 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Spaheromiini)

Nilobezzia mallochi Wirth, 1962: 284-285 - Wirth 1962: 284-285
Nilobezzia minor (Wirth, 1952b: 216 as Spaheromias) - Wirth 1962: 285; see also Borkent & Grogan 2009: 24

Palpomyia Meigen, 1818: 82 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Palpomyiini)

Palpomyia altispina Grogan & Wirth, 1975c: 32 - WI, east (Grogan & Wirth 1979: 102-106; see also Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 32-33
Palpomyia basalis (Walker, 1848: 27 as Ceratopogon) - Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 27-29; Grogan & Wirth 1979: 90-95
(syn.) Ceratopogon trivialis Loew, 1861: 309
(syn.) Palpomyia trivialis (Loew, 1861), Malloch 1914: 217
(syn.) Heteromyia trivialis (Loew, 1861), Malloch 1915: 320
(syn.) Heteromyia tenuicornis Malloch, 1915: 328
(syn. comb.) Palpomyia tenuicornis (Malloch, 1915: 328)
Palpomyia canadensis Grogan & Wirth, 1979: 109 - widespread (Grogan & Wirth 1979: 109-112)
Palpomyia downesi Grogan & Wirth, 1979: 112 - AK-MA, widespread north (Grogan & Wirth 1979: 112-115)
Palpomyia flaviceps (Johannsen, 1908: 268 as Johannseniella) - Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 30-31; Grogan & Wirth 1979: 106-109
(syn.) Heteromyia opacithroax Malloch, 1915: 329
(syn. comb.) Palpomyia opacithorax (Malloch, 1915), Johannsen 1943: 784
(syn.) Heteromyia hirta Malloch, 1915: 330
(syn. comb.) Palpomyia hirta (Malloch, 1915), Johannsen 1943: 784
Palpomyia hastata Grogan & Wirth, 1975c: 34 - Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 34-36; however, see Grogan & Wirth 1979: 95-98
Palpomyia jonesi Grogan & Wirth, 1975c: 17 - Grogan & Wirth, 1975c: 17-18; Grogan & Wirth 1979: 45-48
Palpomyia lineata (Meigen, 1804: 30 as Ceratopogon) - Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 15-17; Grogan & Wirth 1979: 39-45
(syn.) Ceratopogon slossonae Coquillett, 1905: 61
(syn.) Ceratopogon cinerea Macquart, 1826: 177
(syn.) Ceratopogon binotata Staeger, 1839: 596
(syn.) Palpomyia slossonae (Coquillett, 1905), of authors
(syn.) Palpomyia illlinoisensis Malloch, 1914b: 219
(syn.) Palpomyia pruinescens Thomsen, 1935: 290
(syn.) Palpomyia algarum Kieffer, in Kieffer & Thienemann, 1908: 1
(syn.) Palpomyia winnertzi Kieffer, 1914a: 238
(syn.) Palpomyia octasema Kieffer, 1914a: 239
(syn.) Palpomyia spinosissima Kieffer, 1915: 285
(syn.) Palpomyia unifasciata Kieffer, 1922: 72
(syn.) Palpomyia murina Kieffer, 1925a: 426
(syn.) Palpomyia obesa Goetghebuer, 1927: 94
(syn.) Palpomyia lineata var nigrotibialis Goetghebuer, 1933: 370
(syn.) Palpomyia edwardsi de Meijere, 1946: 10 (preoccupied by Palpomyia edwardsi Cockerell, 1921
(syn.) Palpomyia stagnalis Clastrier, 1962: 274
Palpomyia novitibialis Grogan & Wirth, 1975c: 13 - Grogan & Wirth 1979: 31-35; see also Grogan & Wirth 1975: 13-14
Palpomyia plebeiella Grogan & Wirth, 1975c: 20 - Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 20-22; Grogan & Wirth 1979: 60-62
Palpomyia plebeja (Loew, 1861: 313 as Ceratopogon) - Grogan & Wirth 1979: 56-60
(comb.) Heteromyia plebeia (Loew, 1861), Malloch 1915: 327
Palpomyia rubiginosa Grogan & Wirth, 1975c: 22 - Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 22-24; Grogan & Wirth 1979: 64-67
Palpomyia rufa (Loew, 1861: 314 as Ceratopogon) - Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 25-26; Grogan & Wirth 1979
(comb.) Heteromyia rufa (Loew, 1861), Malloch 1915: 325
(misid.) Palpomyia rubiginosa Grogan & Wirth, 1975: 22 (male allotype)
Palpomyia scalpellifera Grogan & Wirth, 1975c: 33 - Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 33-34; Grogan & Wirth 1979;99-102
Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett, 1901: 606) - Grogan & Wirth 1975c: 10-12; Grogan & Wirth 1979: 23-26
(syn.) Palpmyia essigi Wirth, 1952b: 225
Palpomyia tibialis (Meigen, 1818: 82 as Ceratopogon) - Grogan & Wirth 1979: 29-31

Parabezzia Malloch, 1915: 358 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)

Parabezzia petiolata Malloch, 1915: 358 - IL, may occur in sw LP (Grogan & Wirth 1977: 78-79)
Parabezzia williamsi Wirth, 1965b: 229 - Grogan & Wirth 1977: 64-65; Wirth, 1965: 229, holotype from Douglas Lake, Cheboygan Co.

Phaenobezzia Haeselbarth, 1965: 297 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Palpomyiini)

Phaenobezzia fulvithorax (Malloch, 1915: 354 as Probezzia) - Wirth & Grogan 1982: 185-189; Cooper 1991: 18 (Paralectotype)
(comb.) Bezzia fulvithorax (Malloch, 1915), Johannsen, 1952: 167 (in key)
(syn.) Bezzia opaca (Loew, 1861), in Wirth 1952: 227
Phaenobezzia opaca (Loew, 1861: 312 as Ceratopogon) - Wirth & Grogan 1982: 181-185
(comb.) Bezzia opaca (Loew, 1861), Kieffer, 1906: 58
(comb.) Bezzia (Probezzia) opaca (Loew, 1861), Kieffer 1917: 329
(comb.) Probezzia opaca (Loew, 1861), Malloch 1914: 139
(comb.) Phaenobezzia opaca (Loew, 1861), Haeselbarth 1965: 302
(syn.) Probezzia incerta Malloch, 1915: 358; Johannsen 1943: 785
(syn. comb.) Bezzia incerta (Malloch, 1915), Johannsen, 1952: 167

Probezzia Kieffer, 1906: 57 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Palpomyiini)

Probezzia albitibia Wirth, 1971: 732 - ON, WI south and east (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 25)
Probezzia atriventris Wirth, 1951a - Wirth 1951b: 31
Probezzia concinna (Meigen, 1818: 77 as Ceratopogon) - QB, ON west
Probezzia infuscata Malloch, 1915: 316 - IL, MN, ON (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 25)
Probezzia jambacki Wirth, 1971: 735 - Wirth, 1971: 735
Probezzia pallida Malloch, 1914a: 138 - IL, ON, WI (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 25)
Probezzia sabroskyi Wirth, 1951a: 31 - Wirth, 1951a: 31
Probezzia smithii (Coquillett, 1901: 600) - WI east and south (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 25)
Probezzia williamsi Wirth 1971: 737 - Wirth 1971: 737
Probezzia xanthogaster (Kieffer, 1917: 329 as Bezzia) - IL, ON, WI (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 25)
(syn.) Probezzia elegans Coquillett, 1901: 599

Schizohelea Kieffer, 1917: 295 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)

Schizohelea leucopeza (Meigen, 1804: 29 as Ceratopogon) - IL, widespread (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 21)
(syn.) Ceratopogon politus Colquillett, 1901: 606

Serromyia Meigen, 1818: 83 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)

Serromyia borealis Borkent, in Borkent & Bissett 1990: 186 - Borkent & Bissett 1990: 180, 186-187
Serromyia crassifemorata Malloch, 1914c: 218 - Borkent & Bissett 1990: 180,187
Serromyia ledicola Kieffer 1925b: 156 - ON, AK-VA widespread (Borkent & Bissett 1990: 181,192-194)
Serromyia nudicolis Borkent, in Borkent & Bissett 1990: 188 - Borkent & Bissett 1990: 180, 188-190
Serromyia vockerothi Borkent, in Borkent & Bissett 1990: 191 - MN, widespread north (Borkent & Bissett 1990: 180,191-192)



Sphaeromias Curtis, 1829: plate 285 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Sphaeromiini)

Sphaeromias longipennis (Loew, 1861: 313 as Ceratopogon) - Wirth 1962: 278; see also Borkent & Grogan 2009: 25
(comb.) Palpomyia (Sphaeromyas) longipennis (Loew, 1861: 313), Kieffer 1906: 62
(comb.) Palpomyia longipennis (Loew, 1861), of authors
(comb.) Homohelea longipennis (Loew, 1861), Kieffer 1917: 364
(comb.) Sphaeromias longipennis (Loew, 1861), Johannsen 1943: 784, Wirth 1952: 214

Stilobezzia Kieffer, 1911b: 118 (Subfamily Ceratopogoninae, Tribe Ceratopogonini)

Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) antennalis (Coquillett, 1901: 606) - widespread north, ON
Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) bulla Thomsen, 1935: 289 - BC-NB, south (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 22)
Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) coquilletti Kieffer, 1917: 308 - IL, may occur in s LP (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 22)
(syn.) Ceratopogon picta (Coquillett, 1905: 60), preocc. by Meigen, 1818
Stilobezzia (Acanthohelea) lutea (Malloch, 1918a: 18 as Hartomyia) - IL, ON east and south (Borkent & Grogan 2009: 22)
(syn.) Stilobezzia mallochi Hoffman, 1924: 283
Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) sybleae Wirth, 1953a: 82 - Borkent & Grogan 2009: 22

References - Distribution

Boesel MW. 1973. The genus Atrichopogon (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in Ohio and neighboring states. The Ohio Journal of Science 73(4): 202-215.
Borkent A, Bissett B. 1990. A revision of the Holarctic species of Serromyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Systematic Entomology 15(2): 153-217.
Borkent A, Grogan WL. 2009. Catalog of the New World biting midges north of Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 2273: 1-48.
Cochrane AH. 1973 Two new Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). The Florida Entomologist 56(4): 311-318.
Cooper B. 1991. Diptera types in the Canadian National Collection. Part 1: Nematocera. Research Branch Agriculture Canada Publication 1845/B. 113 p.
Coquillett DW. 1901. New Diptera in the U. S. National Museum. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum 23: 593-618.
Grogan WL, Bystrak PG. 1976. Description of the pupa, larva, and larval habitat of Alluaudomyia parva Wirth (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 78(3): 314-316.
Grogan WL, Wirth WW. 1975a. A new Nearctic species of Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) described in all stages (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 77(4): 466-471.
Grogan WL, Wirth WW. 1975b. Notes on the systematics and biology of the biting midge, Forcipomyia elegantula Malloch (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 80(1): 94-102.
Grogan WL, Wirth WW. 1975c. A revision of the genus Palpomyia Meigen of northeastern North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Agriculture Experiment Station, University of Maryland, Contribution Number 5076, August, 1975. 49 pp.
Grogan WL, Wirth WW. 1977. A revision of the Nearctic species of Jenkinshelea MacFie (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 79(1): 126-141.
Grogan WL, Wirth WW. 1977. A revision of the Nearctic species of Parabezzia Malloch (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 50: 49-83.
Grogan WL, Wirth WW. 1979. The North American predaceous midges of the genus Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 8: vi + 125 pp.
Hoffmann WA. 1924. Stilobezzia mallochi and Atrichopogon gilva (Dipt.: Chironomidae). Entomological News 35: 282–284.
Jamnback H, Wirth WW. 1963. The species of Culicoides related to obsoletus in eastern North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 56: 185–198.
Johannsen OA. 1907. Some new species of Kansas Chironomidae, pp. 109–112 in Tucker ES. Some results of desultory collecting of insects in Kansas and Colorado. Bulletin of the University of Kansas, Science Bulletin 4: 51–112.
Johannsen OA. 1908. New North American Chironomidae, pp. 264–285 in Felt EP. 23rd report of the State Entomologist on injurious and other insects of the State of New York, 1907. New York State Museum, Museum Bulletin 124: 5–541, 44 pls.
Johannsen OA. 1934. New species of North American Ceratopogonidae and Chironomidae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 42: 343–352.
Johannsen OA. 1943. Two new species of American Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 36: 761–762.
Kieffer JJ. 1917. Chironomides d'Amérique conservés au Musée National Hongrois de Budapest. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 15: 292–364.
Malloch JR. 1915. The Chironomidae, or midges, of Illinois, with particular reference to the species occurring in the Illinois River. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History 10(6): 273-543, 40 pl.
Meigen JW. 1804. Klassifikazion und Beschreibung der europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. (Diptera Linn.). Erster Band. Abt. I. pp. i–xxviii + 1–152, pls. 1–8; Abt. II, pp. i–vi + 153–314, pls. 9–15. Braunschweig.
Meigen JW. 1818. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Vol. 1, xxxvi + 333 pp., pls. 1–11. Aachen.
Thomsen L. 1935. New species of New York State Ceratopogonidae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 43: 283–297.
Waugh WT, Wirth WW. 1976. A revision of the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer of the Eastern United States north of Florida (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 69(2): 219-247.
Williams RW. 1955. Two new species of Culicoides from Cheboygan County, Michigan (Diptera, Heleidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 57: 269–274.
Williams RW. 1957. Two new species of Alluaudomyia from Cheboygan County, Michigan, with a note on the synonymy of parva and downesi (Diptera: Heleidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 58(6): 327-331. note: original title has "para" [sic]
Wirth WW. 1951. New species and records of Virginia Heleidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 53: 313-326.
Wirth WW. 1952. The genus Alluaudomyia Kieffer in North America (Diptera, Heleidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 45(3): 423-434.
Wirth WW. 1953. Biting midges of the heleid genus Stilobezzia in North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 103: 57–85.
Wirth WW. 1962. A reclassification of the Palpomyia-Bezzia-Macropeza groups, and a revision of the North American Sphaeromiini (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 55: 272–287.
Wirth WW. 1965. Family Ceratopogonidae (Heleidae). Pp. 121-142 in A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. Stone A, Sabrosky CW, Wirth WW, Foote RH, Coulson JR. (Editors). Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Handbook 267, United States Department of Agriculture. Smithsonian Institution Press 1983 reprint: Washington, D. C. iv + 1696.
Wirth WW. 1971. Six new North American species of Probezzia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), with biological notes and a key to species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 64: 729–739.
Wirth WW. 1991. The predaceous midge genus Allohelea Kieffer in the Western Hemisphere (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Florida Entomologist 74(4): 491-505.
Wirth WW, Grogan WL. 1977. Taxonomic notes on the genus Heteromyia Say, and a new species from Nicaragua (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). The Florida Entomologist 60(3): 177-185.
Wirth WW, Grogan WL. 1978. Notes on the systematics and biology of the biting midge, Forcipomyia elegantula Malloch (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 80(1): 94-102.
Wirth WW, Grogan WL. 1982. The predaceous midges of the genus Phaenobezzia in North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 1982(10): 179-192.
Wirth WW, Grogan WL. 1983. The Nearctic species of the Bezzia bivittata group (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96(3): 489-523.
Wirth WW, Hubert AA. 1962. The species of Culicoides related to piliferus Root and Hoffman in eastern North America (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 55: 182–195.
Wirth WW, Jones RH. 1957. The North American subspecies of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera, Heleidae). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1170: 1-35.
Wirth WW, Williams RW. 1964. New species and records of North American Monohelea (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 57: 302–310.

References - Taxonomic

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Borkent A. 1995. Biting Midges in the Cretaceous Amber of North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands. 237 pp.
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Clastrier J. 1962. Notes sur les Cératopogonides de la région Palearctique. XVII. Nouveaux Palpomyia Meig. et Johannsenomyia Mall. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur Algérie 40: 225-288.
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Cockerell TDA. 1921. LVII.-Fossil arthropods in the British Museum.-VI. Oligocene insects from Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 7: 453-480.
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Vargas L. 1949. Culicoides travisi Vargas. n.n. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 10: 233-234.
Walker F. 1848. List of the specimens of Dipterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. British Museum, London. 229 pp.
Walley GS. 1932. A new species of Forcipomyia (Dipt.; Chironomidae). The Canadian Entomologist 64: 165-166.
Waugh WT, Wirth WW. 1976. A revision of the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer of the Eastern United States north of Florida (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 69(2): 219-247.
Williams RW. 1955. Two new species of Culicoides from Cheboygan County, Michigan (Diptera, Heleidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 57: 269-274.
Williams RW. 1957. Two new species of Alluaudomyia from Cheboygan County, Michigan, with a note on the synonymy of parva and downesi (Diptera: Heleidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 58(6): 327-331. note: original title has "para" [sic]
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Wirth WW. 1951b. New species and records of Virginia Heleidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 53: 313-326.
Wirth WW. 1952a. The genus Alluaudomyia Kieffer in North America (Diptera, Heleidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 45(3): 423-434.
Wirth WW. 1952b. The Heleidae of California. University of California Publications in Entomology 9: 95-266.
Wirth WW. 1953a. Biting midges of the heleid genus Stilobezzia in North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 103: 57-85.
Wirth WW. 1953b. American biting midges of the heleid genus Monohelea. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 103: 135-154.
Wirth WW. 1956. The biting midges ectoparasitic on blister beetles (Diptera, Heleidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 58: 15-23.
Wirth WW. 1962. A reclassification of the Palpomyia-Bezzia-Macropeza groups, and a revision of the North American Sphaeromiini (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 55: 272-287.
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Wirth WW. 1971. Six new North American species of Probezzia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), with biological notes and a key to species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 64: 729-739.
Wirth WW. 1980. A new species and corrections in the Atrichopogon midges of the subgenus Meloehelea attacking blister beetles (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 82: 124-139.
Wirth WW. 1991. The predaceous midge genus Allohelea Kieffer in the Western Hemisphere (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Florida Entomologist 74(4): 491-505.
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Wirth WW, Williams RW. 1957. The biting midges of the Bermuda Islands, with descriptions of five new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 59: 5-14.
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April 13, 2020

• Added Allohelea nebulosa as a likely species to the list (Wirth 1991 notes a Wisconsin locality in Shawano Co. in addition to its eastern distribution)
April 18, 2017

• Corrections to nomenclature and organization; splitting references into sections for distribution and taxonomy
February 07, 2013

• Incorporated nomenclature of Borkent & Grogan 2009, including some new state records
November 21, 2012

• Beginning to keep track of changes to the web site pages
• Ceratopogonidae retained as a separate list due to its length
• Removed individual pages for families into one long list, families accessed from left menu via anchor redirects within page

Page created: February 02, 2002; Last edited: April 13, 2020 (EB)