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Leptophlebiidae of Michigan - Identification
Adults (adapted from Edmunds and Waltz 1996)
1a |
Hind wings with distinct costal projection |
2 |
1b |
Hind wings without such a costal projection |
3 |
|
2a(1a) |
Costal projection of hind wings in distal half of wing |
Habrophlebiodes americana (Banks) |
2b |
Costal projection of hind wing near midpoint of length of wing |
Choroterpes basalis (Banks) |
|
3a(1b) |
Penes of male with long, decurrent, median appendages, fused at base only |
Leptophlebia |
terminal (middle) filament often shorter and thinner than lateral cerci |
forewing with Cu1 and cu2 closer together than Cu1 and M in subbasal region where these veins are subparallel |
3b |
Penes of male variable, but not as above; |
Paraleptophlebia |
three subequal caudal filaments |
forewing with Cu1 and Cu2 separated in subbasal region by a space equal to that separating Cu1 and M |
Mature
Nymphs (adapted
from Edmunds et al. 1975, Edmunds and Waltz 1996)
1a |
Gills on Ab1 differently structured from those on succeeding segments, either forked or unforked linear lamellae, and those on Ab2-7 broadly bilamellate with 3-lobed apexes |
2 |
1b |
Gills on Ab1 similar in structure as those of the succeeding segments, sometimes smaller or more slender |
3 |
|
2a(1a) |
a. Gill on Ab1 single linear lamella |
Choroterpes basalis (Banks) |
b. Gills on Ab2-7 terminating in three filaments, the middle one longest and broadest |
2b |
a. Gill on Ab1 forked or bilamellate |
Leptophlebia |
b. Gills on Ab2-7 with slender median filament flanked by two blunt lobes |
|
3a(1b) |
a. Labrum with moderately deep V-shaped median emargination |
Habrophlebiodes americana (Banks) |
b. Abdominal terga with a small row of spinules present on the posterior margins of Ab6-10 only |
3b |
a. Labrum with an emargination only shallowly notched |
Paraleptophlebia |
b. Abdominal terga with a small row of spinules present on the posterior margins of Ab1-10 |
Leptophlebia
Adults (adapted from Burian 2001)
1a |
Males |
2 |
1b |
Females |
4 |
|
2a(1a) |
Outer 1/4-1/3 of forewings distinctly brown, or faintly stained brown (best seen in live, or freshly killed specimens; decays in alcohol) |
Leptophlebia nebulosa (Walker) |
2b |
Outer area of forewings not extensively pigmented, any coloration is restricted to stigmatic area |
3 |
|
3a(2b) |
Genitalia with large apical caps with long, straight outer margtins, and large distinct apical spines |
Leptophlebia cupida (Say) |
decurrent appendages of penes cross penis lobes at an angle approaching 90° |
appendages folded over entire length and curve centrally appearing not to reach base of notch between penis lobes |
pale median strip on abdominal terga usually broadly conencting to pale bandat posterior edge of terga, flanked by two well-defined cresecent-shaped spots, and two sublateral pale spots |
background color usually extensive, not restricted into broad w-shaped band |
3b |
Genitalia with shorter apical caps, with rounded outer margins and smaller apical spines |
Leptophlebia intermedia (Traver) |
decurrent appendages of penes cross penis lobes at about 45° |
appendages folded over entire length, but not curved ventrally so tips reach to or below base of notch between penis lobes |
abdominal terga with pale median stripe not usually forming a broad, distinct connection to pale band at posterior edge of terga, flanked by two variable crescent-shaped spots and two sublateral pale spots |
background coloration usually extensive, but sometimes localized into broad w-shaped band |
|
4a(1b) |
Abdominal terga with short pale median line not connected to pale band along posterior margins of terga |
Leptophlebia intermedia (Traver) |
median line flanked by large variable crescent-shaped spots or spots drawn out into thin streaks |
background color of terga usually extensive, or localized into broad w-shaped band |
4b |
Abdominal terga not as above, pale median line separated from pale posterior band on terga 1-3, but usually broadly connected to band on terga 4-7 |
5 |
crescent-shaped spots flanking median line smaller and less variable, never drawn out into thin streaks |
background color never localized into broad w-shaped band |
Note: Couplet 5 requires dissection of abdomen and slide-mounted examination of eggs with compound microscope (see Burian 2001) |
5a(4b) |
Egg attachment structures composed of clusters of about six medium length pegs, surrounding two large pegs; peg clusters irregularly distributed over chorion |
Leptophlebia nebulosa (Walker) |
5b |
Egg attachment structures composed of pairs of large pegs irregularly distributed over chorion |
Leptophlebia cupida (Say) |
Leptophlebia
Mature Nymphs (adapted from Burian 2001)
Note: accurate identification may require slide-mounting leg and mouth structures (see Burian 2001) |
1a |
a. Inner edge of forefemora with large palmate setae dominant |
Leptophlebia intermedia (Traver) |
b. All leg segments distinctly banded |
1b |
a. Inner edge of forefemora with a combination of medium and coarse uniserrate and biserrate setae, with no type dominant |
2 |
b. Legs unbanded or faint bands on tibiae and tarsi only, or distinct bands on tibiae and tarsi, but only faint bands on femora |
|
5a(4b) |
a. Peg-like seate on anterior 1/3-1/2 of dorsal surface of maxillary palpifer usually arranged in regular rows |
Leptophlebia nebulosa (Walker) |
b. Legs usually not banded or, at most, with faint bands on tibiae and tarsi only |
c. Setae on dorsum of labrum patterned (Fig. 84 in Burian 2001) |
5b |
a. Peg-like seate on anterior 1/3-1/2 of dorsal surface of maxillary palpifer usually not arranged in rows |
Leptophlebia cupida (Say) |
b. Legs usually with faint bands on all leg segments, or with distinct bands on tibiae and tarsi and faint bands on femora |
c. Setae on dorsum of labrum patterned (Fig. 80 in Burian 2001) |
Paraleptophlebia
Adults from Burks 1953)
1a |
females |
cannot currently be keyed |
1b |
males |
2 |
|
2a(1b) |
In lateral view, forceps of genitalia with a large, dorsal enlargement near base |
Paraleptophlebia debilis (Walker) |
also: All longitudinal veins of forewing tan, with C, Sc, and R slightly darker; tergites on Ab2-7 with a pair of posterolateral, dark brown spots and a dark brown crossband at posterior margin |
2b |
In lateral view, forceps without a large, dorsal enlargment near base |
3 |
|
3a(2b) |
Lobes of penes long, straight, and slender |
Paraleptophlebia praepedita (Eaton) |
also: Each lobe of penes with a terminal papilla |
3b |
Lobes of penes relatively short and broad |
4 |
|
4a |
Terga of Ab2-6 almost entirely dark brown |
5 |
4b |
Terga of Ab2-6 almost or completely white |
6 |
|
5a(4a) |
Lobes of penes without decurrent appendages, each lobe with a beaklike, lateral projection |
Paraleptophlebia adoptiva (McDunnough) |
5b |
Lobes of penes each with a large, decurrent appendage |
Paraleptophlebia ontario (McDunnough) |
|
6a(4b) |
Lobes of penes without decurrent appendages |
Paraleptophlebia mollis (Eaton) |
6b |
Lobes of penes with decurrent appendages |
7 |
|
7a(6b) |
a. Lobes of penes without apicolateral projections |
Paraleptophlebia volitans (McDunnough) |
b. Decurrent appendages slender, bifid at apex |
7b |
a. Lobes of penes with apicolateral projections |
8 |
b. Decurrent appendages not bifid at apex |
|
8a(7b) |
a. Tergites of Ab2-7 white, with spiracular dots |
Paraleptophlebia guttata (McDunnough) |
b. Mesal apical angles of penis lobes divergent |
8b |
a. Tergites of Ab2-7 white, with apiracular dots and a large, brown spot near each posterolateral angle |
Paraleptophlebia strigula (McDunnough) |
b. Mesal apical angles of penis lobes convergent |
References
Burian SK. 2001. Revision of the genus Leptophlebia Westwood in North America (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Leptophlebiinae). Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin New Series 13(3). vi + 80 pp.
Edmunds GF, Waltz RD. 1996. Ephemeroptera, pp. 126-163 in Merritt RW, Cummins KW (editors), An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America, 3rd Edition. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company: Dubuque, Iowa.
Edmunds GF, Jensen SL, Berner L. 1976. The mayflies of North and Central America. University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis, Minnesota. x + 330 p.
Page created: June 13, 2003; Last edited: November 06, 2013 (EB)
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