Aquatic Insects of Michigan

by Ethan Bright, Museum of Zoology Insect Division and School of Natural Resources and Environment
University of Michigan

Aquatic Ephydridae - Shore and Dance Flies

This dipteran family of about 2,000 species world-wide have largely aquatic immature stages, and with very small to small adults that often not stray far from their aquatic habitats. Aquatic larvae are typically found in shallow areas of muddy margins of freshwater habitats, feeding on small sized algal and plant as well as decaying animal material (Foote, 1995; Courtney & Merritt 2007). Some groups have adapted to saline habitats (salt marshes, tidal pools, salt or alkaline lakes) where they are sometimes constitute the dominant aquatic insect group.

Locality information is based on records at UMMZ-Insect Division and literature citations. Genera are denoted in green; species denoted in bold blue have been recorded in Michigan; other species denoted in black bold are expected to occur based on their known distribution. You can use the Find function in your web browser to locate families, genera, and species. Synonomous species (indented) are listed below the current valid species (denoted in bold) with its taxonomic status indicated.

Allotrichoma Becker, 1896: 121 (Gymnomyzinae)
Lentic-temporary puddles (near dung), lotic-margins - burrowers (in dung, temporary puddles, and decaying snails) - collectors-gatherers (dung and decaying snails)
Allotrichia (Pseudohecamede) abdominale (Williston, 1896) Hecamede (orig.) - OH (Mathis, 1991: 8-14)
Allotrichoma (Neotrichoma) atrilabre Cresson, 1926: 252 - Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2012: 82-89 (Cheboygan: Bryant's Bog (45°32.8'N, 84°40.3'W), 16 Jun 1933, G. Grant (1?; USNM)
(syn.) Allotrichoma yosemite Cresson, 1926: 252
Allotrichoma (Allotrichoma) bezzii Becker, 1896: 123 - west to ne. MN, expect in w. UP/Isle Royale
Allotrichoma (Allotrichoma) occidentale Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 2012: 50 - Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2012: 50-55 (Iosco Co., 44°20'N, 83°38'W, July 03, 1950, G. C. Steyskal (1?; USNM))
Allotrichoma (Allotrichoma) simplex (Loew, 1861b: 354 as Discocerina) - Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2012: 65-73

(syn.) Allotrichoma filiforme Becker, 1896: 123
(syn.) Allotrichoma trispinum Becker, 1896: 124
(syn.) Allotrichoma trispinum of authors, not Becker, 1896
(syn.) Allotrichoma dahli Beschovski, 1966b: 937

Athyroglossa Loew, 1860a: 12 (Gymnomyzinae)
Lentic-littoral, vascular hydrophytes, decaying organic material - burrowers - collectors-gatherers
Athyroglossa dinorata Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 1990: 892 - Mathis & Zatwarnicki 1990: 894
(syn.) Athyroglossa ordinata of various American authors, not Becker, 1896: 135 - Wirth, 1965: 735
Athyroglossa glabra (Meigen, 1830: 69 as Notiphila) - Wirth 1965: 735
Athyroglossa granulosa (Cresson, 1922a: 341 as Ochtheroidea) - Wirth 1965: 735; IA, OH, east (Sheiring & Foote, 1973: 158)


Atissa Haliday, in Curtis 1837: 281 (Hydrellinae)
Lentic-littoral (saline lakes and pools)
Atissa humilis (Coquillett, 1902: 183 as Parephydra)
Atissa litoralis (Cole, 1912: 160 as Allotrichoma) - OH (Sheiring and Foote, 1973: 158)
Atissa subnuda (Sturtevant & Wheeler, 1954: 252 as Pelignellus)

Axysta Haliday, 1839: 406 (Ilytheinae)
Lentic-littoral - sprawlers - collectors-gatherers
Axysta extera (Cresson, 1924: 162 as Lytogaster) - Krivosheina and Mathis 2010
(comb.) Microlytogaster extera Clausen, 1983
Axysta nigrifacies (Miyagi, 1977: 80 as Hyadina) - AK, MN, OH, ON, widespread
(syn.) Axysta americana Clausen, 1983: 66

Brachydeutera Loew, 1862c: 162 (Ephydrinae)
Lentic-littoral - sprawlers, burrowers, swimmers - collectors-gatherers
Brachydeutera argentata (Walker, 1852: 407 as Notiphila) - Mathis 1983
(syn.) Brachydeutera neotropica Wirth, 1964: 8 [partial misid.]
(syn.) Brachydeutera dimidiata Loew, 1862c: 163

Callinapaea Sturtevant & Wheeler, 1954: 220 (Ephydrinae)
Callinapaea aldrichi (Sturtevant & Wheeler, 1954: 220 as Napaea) - widespread
Callinapaea laurentiana (Wirth, 1965: 63 as Parydra (Callinapaea)) - Clausen & Cook 1971, fig. 234 (depicts record from Isle Royale, but not in text [error?])

Coenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 800 (Ephydrinae)
Lentic, margins - sprawlers, burrowers - collectors-gatherers
Coenia curvicauda (Meigen, 1830: 116 as Ephydra) - UMMZ-Insect Division; Mathis 1975: 75 (Map 3)

Diclasiopa Hendel, 1917: 42 (Gymnomyzinae)
Lentic-littoral, lotic-depositional
Diclasiopa lacteipennis Loew, 1862: 145 - Mathis and Mathis 2008: 180
(syn.) Hecamede xanthocera Loew, 1869

Discocerina Macquart, 1835: 527 (Gymnomyzinae)
Lentic and lotic margins (primarily terrestrial) - burrowers (in moss and algae) - collectors-gatherers
Discocerina buccata (Cresson, 1930: 78 as Hecamedoides) - Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2013: 153, widespread
Discocerina obscurella (Fallén, 1813: 251 as Notiphila) - Mathis and Mathis 2008: 180
(syn.) Discocerina parva Loew, 1862: 146
(syn.) Discocerina parva var. nigriventris Cresson, 1916: 148

Ditrichophora Cresson, 1924: 159 (Gymnomyzinae)
Lentic-littoral
Ditrichophora atrata Cresson, 1940: 7 - widespread (Wirth 1965: 739)
Ditrichophora exigua Cresson, 1924: 159 - Wirth, 1965: 739
Ditrichophora simiaceps Cresson, 1940: 6 - IN, west (Wirth 1965: 739)
Ditrichophora tacoma Cresson, 1924: 160 - widespread (Wirth 1965: 739)

Ephydra Fallén, 1810: 22 (Ephydrinae)
Lentic-littoral (in algal mats), lotic-depositional - sprawlers - shredders-herbivores (macroalgae), collectors-gatherers
Ephydra (Halephydra) cinera Jones 1906: 159- IL (Steinly et al. 1987: 167), OH (Scheiring and Foote 1973: 163)
(syn.) Ephydra gracilis Packard, 1871: 105
Ephydra (Ephydra) millbrae Jones, 1906: 155 - UMMZ-Insect Division [doubtful: probably an error, as Wirth 1971: 365 and Mathis and Marinoni 2016: 92 note its distribution is western and Australasian/Oceanian]
(syn.) Ephydra riparia of authors, not Fallén (misid.)
Ephydra niveiceps Cresson, 1916 - OH (Scheiring and Foote 1973: 163)
Ephydra (Ephydra) obscuripes Loew, 1866 - UMMZ-Insect Division; distribution widespread (Wirth 1971: 370)
Ephydra oscitans Walker, 1849: 1106
(syn.) Ephydra oscitans Walker, 1858: 253 [preoccupied, Walker, 1849]
Ephydra (Ephydra) packardi Wirth, 1971: 365 - IL,IN, widespread (Mathis & Marinoni 2016: 93-94)
Ephydra (Ephydra) riparia Fallén, 1813: 246 - UMMZ-Insect Division; Wirth 1971: 366
(syn.) Ephydra halophila Packard, 1869: 49
(syn.) Ephydra millbrae Jones, 1906: 155
(syn.) Ephydra lata Walker, 1858: 233

Glenanthe Haliday, 1839: 404 (Hydrellinae)
Glenanthe interior Chillcott, 1964: 811 - Mathis, 1995: 8
Glenanthe salina Mathis, 1995: 15 - OH, widespread (AK-NS-TX) Mathis 1995: 15, Fig. 29

Gymnoclasiopa Hendel, 1930: 136> (Gymnomyzinae)
Gymnoclasiopa bohemanni (Becker, 1896: 159 as Clasiopa) - western species, but one record from Ontario north of Lake Superior (Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2012c:25-31)
(comb.) Discocerina bohemanni Cresson 1925: 256
(comb.) Ditrichophora bohemanni Hackman 1980: 128
(comb.) Gymnoclasiopa bohemanni Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 175
(syn.) Ditrichophora (Gymnoclasiopa) montana Cresson 1942: 120 - Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2012c: 25
(comb.) Gymnoclasiopa montana Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 177
Gymnoclasiopa parilis (Cresson, 1924: 160 as Ditrichophora) - widespread north (Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2012c: 42-46)
(comb.) Gymnoclasiopa parilis Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 177
Gymnoclasiopa pulchella (Meigen, 1830: 70 as Notiphila) - Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2012c: 46-51
(comb.) Hydrellia pulchella Macquart 1835: 525
(comb.) Clasiopa pulchella Becker 1905: 195
(comb.) Discocerina pulchella Czerny 1909: 268
(comb.) Ditrichophora (Gymnoclasiopa) pulchella Cresson 1942: 121
(comb.) Gymnoclasiopa pulchella. Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 178
(syn.) Clasiopa fulgida Becker, 1896: 156
Gymnoclasiopa tacoma (Cresson, 1924: 160 as Ditrichophora) - Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2012c: 56-61 (Presque Isle: (45.3517°N, -83.4883°W), 2 Jun 1951, R. R. Dreisbach (1?; USNM))

Haloscatella Mathis, 1979a: 6 (Ephydrinae)
Haloscatella muria (Mathis, 1979: 12 as Lamproscatella (Haloscatella) - Mathis 1979: 15


Hecamedoides Hendel, 1917: 41 (Gymnomyzinae)
Lentic-littoral?
Hecamedoides unispinosa (Collin, 1943: 148 as Discocerina) - Mathis & Zatwarnicki 2008: 1023-1024 (Fig. 11)
(comb.) Hecamedoides glaucella var. unispinosa Cogan, 1976: 83
(mis.id.) Hecamedoides glaucellus of American authors, not Stenhammar, 1844

Hyadina Haliday, 1839: 406 (Ilytheinae)
Lotic and lentic - margins - sprawlers - scrapers (graze bluegreen algae)
Hyadina albovenosa Coquillett, 1900a: 34 - widespread
Hyadina binotata (Cresson, 1926: 256 as Hydrina) - widespread
(syn.) Hyadina macquarti Cresson, 1930b: 80
Hyadina corona (Cresson, 1926: 256 as Hydrina) - Wirth 1965
Hyadina furva (Cresson, 1926: 257 as Lytogaster)
Hyadina subnitida Sturtevant & Wheeler, 1954: 215 - widespread
Hyadina vockerothi Clausen, 1984: 83 - ON

Hydrellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 790 (Hydrellinae)
Lentic-littoral, vascular hydrophytes, lotic-erosional and depositional (vascular hydrophytes-watercress) - burrowers-miners (especially Potamogeton) - shredders-herbivores (miners)
Hydrellia americana Cresson, 1931: 106 - Deonier 1971: 38
Hydrellia amnicola Deonier, 1971: 39 - MN (Deonier 1971: 39)
Hydrellia ascita Cresson, 1942b: 78 - Wirth 1965: 743; Deonier, 1971: 40
Hydrellia bergi Cresson, 1941: 37 - Cresson, 1941: 37; Deonier, 1971: 42
Hydrellia bilobifera Cresson, 1936: 262 - Deonier 1971: 44
Hydrellia borealis Cresson, 1944: 164 - Deonier 1971: 48
Hydrellia caliginosa Cresson, 1936: 257 - Deonier 1971: 49
Hydrellia cessator Deonier, 1971: 50 - MB, MN (Deonier 1971: 50)
Hydrellia columbata Deonier, 1971: 50 - ME, MN (Deonier 1971: 51)
Hydrellia crassipes Cresson, 1931: 107 - Deonier 1971: 52
Hydrellia definita Cresson, 1944: 165 - Deonier 1971: 57
Hydrellia discursa Deonier, 1971: 57 - Deonier 1971: 58
Hydrellia fascitibia (von Roser, 1940) Notiphila (orig.) - Deonier 1971: 54 (as H. cruralis Coquillett); Mathis and Mathis 2008
(syn.) Hydrellia cruralis Coquillett, 1910
Hydrellia formosa Loew, 1861b: 355 - Deonier 1971: 62
Hydrellia griseola (Fallén, 1813: 250 as Notiphila) - Deonier 1971: 66 (Map 1); Mathis and Mathis 2008
(comb.) Hydrellia griseola var. hypoleuca Johannsen, 1935: 56
(comb.) Hydropota griseola Kloet & Hincks, 1945: 396
(comb.) Hydropota griseola var. scapularis Lange et al., 1953: 8
(syn.) Hydrellia communis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 790
(syn.) Hydrellia hypoleuca Lowe, 1862: 151
(syn.) Hydrellia obscuriceps Lowe, 1862: 152
(syn.) Hydrellia scapularis Lowe, 1862: 153
Hydrellia harti Cresson, 1936: 262 - IL, OH, ON s. to Mexico (Deonier 1971: 70; Scheiring and Foote 1973: 163)
Hydrellia idolator Deonier, 1971: 70 - OH (Scheiring and Foote 1973: 163), ON s. to MS (Deonier 1971: 71)
Hydrellia ischiaca Loew, 1862: 150 - Deonier 1971: 73
Hydrellia itascae Deonier, 1971: 76 - MN (Deonier 1971: 76)
Hydrellia luctuosa Cresson, 1942b: 78 - Deonier 1971: 78
Hydrellia manitobae Deonier, 1971: 79 - ME-AK (Deonier 1971: 79), expect northern UP
Hydrellia morrisoni Cresson, 1924: 162 - Deonier 1971: 81
Hydrellia nobilis (Loew, 1862: 229 as Psilopa) - IL, IN, MN, east (Deonier 1971: 82)
Hydrellia notiphiloides Cresson, 1924: 162 - Deonier 1971: 85
Hydrellia penicilli Cresson, 1944: 168 - Deonier 1971: 85
Hydrellia proctori Cresson, 1934: 235 - Deonier 1971: 90
Hydrellia pulla Cresson, 1931: 108 - Deonier 1971: 92
Hydrellia saltator Deonier, 1971: 94 - ON (Lambton Co.) (Deonier 1971: 94)
Hydrellia surata Deonier, 1971: 98 - MN, ON, widespread (Deonier 1971: 98)
Hydrellia suspecta Cresson, 1936: 258 - ME, IA (Deonier 1971: 99)
Hydrellia tibialis Cresson, 1917: 341 - Deonier 1971: 101
Hydrellia trichaeta Cresson, 1944: 7 - Wirth, 1965: 744


Hydrochasma Hendel, 1936 (Gymnomyzinae)
Lentic-littoral, lotic-margins
Hydrochasma avanae Mathis & Zatwarnicki 2013: 114
Hydrochasma garvinorum Mathis & Zatwarnicki 2013: 128 - MN, OH, widespread, Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2013: 131, expect in LP MI
Hydrochasma leucoproctum (Loew, 1861: 355) Discocerina (orig.) - Mathis and Mathis 2008

Ilythea Haliday, 1839: 408 (Gymnomyzinae)
Ilythea spilota (Curtis, 1832: pl. 413 as Ephydra) - UMMZ-Insect Division

Lemnaphila Cresson, 1933 (Hydrellinae)
Lentic-vascular hydrophytes (floating zone-duckweed) - burrowers-miners Lemna (duckweed) - shredders-herbivores
Lemnaphila scotlandae Cresson, 1933 - Wirth 1965

Leptopsilopa Cresson, 1922b: 136 (Discomyzinae)
Lentic-littoral - burrowers, in decaying vegetation - collectors-gatherers
Leptopsilopa atrimana (Loew, 1878: 197 as Psilopa) - UMMZ-Insect Division


Limnellia Malloch, 1925: 331 (Ephydrinae)
Lentic-littoral
Limnellia anna Cresson, 1935: 363 - Mathis 1978: 265-266
(comb.) Scalella (Limnellia) anna Sturtevant & Wheeler, 1954: 177
Limnellia stenhammari Zetterstedt, 1846: 1842 as Ephydra) - IL, IN, MN, OH, ON, widespread
(comb.) Scatella stenhammari Loew, 1860: 40
(comb.) Eustigoptera stenhammari Cresson, 1930: 128
(comb.) Stranditella stenahmmari Duda, 1942: 30
(comb.) Scatella (Limnellia) stenhammeri Sturtevant & Wheeler, 1954: 177
(syn.) Ephydra oscitans Walker, 1849: 1106
(syn.) Scatella oscitans Osten Sacken, 1878: 204
(syn.) Limnellia oscitans Wirth, 1965: 758

Lytogaster Becker, 1896: 202 (Ilytheinae)
Lotic and lentic - margins - sprawlers - scrapers (graze bluegreen algae)
Lytogaster abdominalis (Stenhammar, 1844: 238 as Notiphila sectio Philygria) - UMMZ-Insect Division; Clausen, 1982: 408, 422
Lytogaster excavata Sturtevant & Wheeler, 1954: 213 as Hyadina gravida excavata) - Clausen, 1982: 413, 422
Lytogaster perplexa Clausen, 1982: 425 - ON, widespread (Clausen, 1982: 422)

Mosillus Latreille, 1804: 196 (Gymnomyzinae) Lentic-littoral, (including alkaline lakes and ponds)
Mosillus nigroaenea (Walker, 1852: 413 as Gymnopa)
Mosillus stegmaieri (Wirth, 1969) Mosillus (orig.)
Mosillus tarsalis (Walker, 1852: 413 as Gymnopa)
Mosillus tibialis Cresson, 1916b: 149 - QE-CA

Nostima Coquillett, 1900 (Ilytheinae)
Lotic and lentic - margins - sprawlers - scrapers
Nostima approximata Sturtevant & Wheeler, 1954 - OH
Nostima picta (Fallén, 1813 as Notiphila) - Edmiston and Mathis 2005
(comb.) Ephydra (Hydrina) picta Haliday, 1839
(comb.) Philygria picta Loew, 1860
(comb.) Philygria picta var. nigripes Strobl, 1880
(comb.) Philygriola picta Hendel, 1917
(comb.) Nostima (Philygriola) picta Cresson, 1930
(comb.) Nostima picta picta Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 1995
(comb.) Nostima picta nigripes Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 1995
(syn.) Philygria pullula Becker, 1905
(syn.) Notiphila pullula Fallén, 1823
(syn.) Nostima (Philygriola) scutellaris Cresson, 1933
(syn.) Nostima scutellaris scutellaris Sturtevant & Wheeler, 1954
Nostima quinquenotata Cresson, 1930 - Edmiston and Mathis 2005

Notiphila Fallén, 1810: 22 (Hydrellinae)
Lentic-littoral (detritus, vascular hydrophytes, bogs), lotic-depositional - burrowers (attached to roots by respiratory spine) - collectors-gatherers and filterers
Notiphila adusta Mathis, 1979b: 19 - Mathis 1979b: 20
Notiphila atripes Cresson, 1917: 50 - UMMZ-Insect Division
Notiphila avia Loew, 1878: 193 - Mathis 1979b: 30-31
Notiphila bella Loew, 1862: 135 - Wirth 1965: 747 (as N. nudipes)
(syn.) Notiphila nudipes Cresson [in part], 1917: 43
Notiphila biseriata Cresson, 1917: 46 - OH (Mathis 1979b: 23)
(syn.) Notiphila (Notiphila) loewi Cresson, 1946 [in part]
(syn.) Notiphila (Notiphila) loewi var. biserata Wirth, 1965 [in part]
Notiphila carinata Loew, 1862: 137 - IN, OH, ON (Mathis and Mathis 2008: 179; Wirth 1965: 746)
Notiphila caudata Fallén, 1813: 249 - Mathis and Mathis 2008: 179
Notiphila cressoni Mathis, 1979b: 39 - IL, OH, ON (Mathis 1979b: 40)
Notiphila footei Mathis, 1979b: 24 - Mathis 1979b: 25
Notiphila kentensis Huryn, 1987 - OH
Notiphila loewi Cresson, 1917: 44 - UMMZ-Insect Division; Mathis 1979b: 45
Notiphila macrochaeta Loew, 1878: 192 - western to IA, ne. MN, GA (may occur in western UP) (Mathis 1979b: 78)
Notiphila nudipes Cresson, 1917: 43 - Mathis 1979b: 26
Notiphila olivacea Cresson, 1917: 52 - UMMZ-Insect Division; Mathis 1979b: 82-83
Notiphila pallidipalpis Cresson, 1940: 8 - Mathis 1979b: 84-85
Notiphila pauroura Mathis, 1979b: 47 - e. NA (Mathis 1979b: 48)
Notiphila phaeopsis Mathis, 1979b: 33 - Mathis 1979b: 34
Notiphila poliosoma Mathis, 1979b: 49 - OH, WI (Mathis 1979b: 49)
Notiphila pulchra Mathis, 1979b: 34 - Mathis 1979b: 35
(syn.) Notiphila (Notiphila) riparia North American author [not Meigen, 1830
Notiphila scalaris Loew, 1862: 134 - UMMZ-Insect Division; Mathis 1979b: 92
Notiphila shewelli Mathis, 1979b: 50 - Mathis 1979b: 50
Notiphila sicca Cresson, 1940: 8 - MN, OH (Mathis 1979b: 94)
Notiphila solita Walker, 1853: 406 - Mathis 1979b: 52
(comb.) Notiphila (Agrolimna) solita Wirth, 1965: 748
(syn.) Notiphila vittata Loew, 1862: 136
Notiphila taenia Mathis, 1979b: 28 - Mathis 1979b: 28
Notiphila uliginosa Haliday, 1839: 222 - Mathis 1979b: 96
(syn.) Notiphila (Agrolimna) olivacea Cresson [in part], 1917: 52

Ochthera Latreille, 1802: 462 (Gymnomyzinae)
Lentic-littoral, lotic-depositional and margins - burrowers - predators (engulfers of chironomids)
Ochthera anatolikos Clausen, 1977: 468 - UMMZ-Insect Division; Clausen, 1977: 472; Mathis and Mathis 2008: 182
Ochthera borealis Clausen, 1977: 476 - UMMZ-Insect Division; Clausen, 1977: 480
Ochthera collina Clausen, 1977: 484 - Clausen, 1977: 486
Ochthera exsculpta Loew, 1862: 160
Ochthera mantis (De Geer, 1776: 143 as Musca) - UMMZ-Insect Division
Ochthera tuberculata Loew, 1862: 161 - IL, MA (Wirth 1965: 753), OH (Scheiring and Foote 1973: 163), maybe found in s. LP

Paracoenia Cresson, 1935: 356 (Ephydrinae)
Lentic-littoral - sprawlers - scrapers (graze bluegreen algae), collectors-gatherers of fecal material
Paracoenia (Paracoenia) bisetosa (Coquillett, 1902: 356 as Coenia) - Mathus 1975: 75 (Map 3)
Paracoenia (Paracoenia) fumosalis Cresson, 1935: 356 - Mathus 1975: 73 (Map 2)

Paralimna Loew, 1862c: 138 (Hydrellinae)
Lentic-littoral (margins in sediments near dung) - sprawlers - collectors-gatherers
Paralimna (Phaiosterna) decipiens Loew, 1878: 195 - Wirth 1965: 748; Ale-Roche & Mathis 2015: 116 (questionable: see range given by Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2002: 72-76, and Ale-Roche & Mathis 2015: 116)
Paralimna (Paralimna) punctipennis (Wiedemann, 1830: 590 as Notiphila) - UMMZ-Insect Division; Ale-Roche & Mathis 2015: 79
(syn.) Paralimna appendiculata Loew 1862c:138

Parydra Stenhammar, 1844: 187 (Ephydrinae)
Lentic-littoral, lotic-depositional and margins - burrowerers - scrapers

Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) alpina (Cresson, 1924: 163 as Napaea) - Wirth 1965; Clausen & Cook 1971: 35
Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) appendiculata Loew, 1878: 202 - UMMZ-Insect Division; Clausen and Cook 1971: 69, fig. 229
Parydra (Parydra) aquila aquila (Fallén, 1813: 247 as Ephydra) - UMMZ-Insect Division; Clausen and Cook 1971: fig. 223
(syn.) Parydra bituberculata Loew, 1862: 165
(syn.) Napaea (Parydra) bituberculata bituberculata (Loew), Sturtevant & Wheeler 1954: 227
(syn.) Parydra nitida Cresson, 1915: 70
(syn.) Napaea (Parydra) bituberculata nitida (Cresson), Sturtevant & Wheeler 1954: 227
Parydra (Chaetopanaea) borealis (Cresson, 1949: 235) - UMMZ-Insect Division; Clausen & Cook 1971: 74 (specimen from Isle Royale, C. Sabrosky, fig. 234?)
Parydra breviceps Loew, 1862: 167 - UMMZ-Insect Division; Clausen & Cook 1971: 45, fig. 224
(syn.) Parydra limpidipennis Loew, 1878: 201
(syn.) Parydra vicina Cresson, 1940: 9
(syn.) Napaea (Parydra) breviceps breviceps (Loew), Sturtevant & Wheeler 1954: 223 (syn.) Napaea (Parydra) breviceps vicina (Cresson), Sturtevant & Wheeler 1954: 223
Parydra (Parydra) fossarum Haliday, 1833: 175 as Ephydra) - Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1990: 901; Clausen and Cook 1971: 85, fig. 230
(syn.) Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) parasocia Clausen in Clausen and Cook, 1971: 83
Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) paullula Loew, 1862: 167 - UMMZ-Insect Division; Clausen and Cook 1971: 86, fig. 233
Parydra (Chaetoapnaea) quadriloba Clausen, in Clausen & Cook, 1971: 90 - Clausen and Cook, 1971: 92, fig. 225
Parydra (Parydra) quadrituberculata Loew, 1862: 165 - UMMZ-Insect Division; Clausen and Cook 1971: fig. 226
(syn.) Napaea (Parydra) quadrituberculata (Loew), Sturtevant & Wheeler 1954: 228
Parydra (Chaetopanaea) vulgaris (Cresson, 1949: 233) - widespread boreal (Clausen & Cook 1971), maybe be found in boreal habitats of UP or Isle Royale)

Pelina Haliday, 1839: 407 (Ilytheinae)
Lotic and lentic - margins - sprawlers - scrapers
Pelina biloba Clausen, 1973
Pelina bispinosa Clausen, 1973: 139
Pelina canadensis Cresson, 1934a: 208 - northwest to MN
Pelina latiforma Clausen, 1973 - UMMZ-Insect Division
Pelina neaenescens Clausen, 1973
Pelina prospinosa Clausen, 1973
Pelina rudis Cresson, 1940: 9 - Cresson 1940; Wirth 1965
Pelina subulata Clausen, 1973
Pelina truncatula Loew, 1878: 198 - UMMZ-Insect Division
Pelina uncata Clausen, 1973

Philygria Stenhammar, 1844 (Ilytheinae)
Lotic and lentic - margins - sprawlers - scrapers
Philygria debilis Loew, 1861 - UMMZ-Insect Division
Philygria punctatonervosa (Fallén, 1813: 254 as Notiphila) - Mathis and Mathis 2008
(comb.) Hydrina punctatonervosa Becker, 1926: 57
(syn.) Philygria opposita Loew, 1861: 356

Platygymnopa Wirth, 1971 (Gymnomyzinae)
Lotic and lentic margins - burrowers (in decomposing snails) - collectors-gatherers (decomposing snails)
Platygymnopa helicis Wirth, 1971

Polytrichophora Cresson, 1924: 161 (Gymnomyzinae)
Lentic-littoral, lotic-margins
Polytrichophora conciliata Cresson, 1924: 161 - Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2012a
Polytrichophora orbitalis (Loew, 1861: 354 as Discocerina) - Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2012a: 91: 54
Polytrichophora sturtevantorum Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 2012a: 101 - IL, OH, WI (Mathis and Zatwarnicki 2012a)

Pseudohyadina Clausen, 1983 (Ilytheinae)
Pseudohyadina longicornis (Sturtevant & Wheeler, 1954 as Hydrina)

Psilopa Fallén, 1823d: 6 (Discomyzinae)
Lentic-littoral, vascular hydrophytes - planktonic, burrowers - collectors-gatherers, shredders, miners
Psilopa compta (Meigen, 1830: 68 as Notiphila) - AK-QB,k s. to CA-VA
(nom.nud.) Psilopa gaudens Cresson in Strickland, 1946: 167
Psilopa dupla Cresson, 1940: 2 - IL (Steinly et al. 1987: 167), OH (Scheiring and Foote 1973: 163), IA, east and south
Psilopa girschneri Von Röder, 1889 - widespread
(syn.) Psilopa olga Cresson, 1922b: 137
Psilopa leucostoma (Meigen, 1830: 68 as Notiphila) - widespread


Ptilomyia Coquillett, 1900 (Hydrellinae)
lentic-littoral

Ptilomyia parva (Williston, 1896 as Hydrellia) - OH (Sheiring and Foote 1973: 158 as P. enigma, Mathus 1997)

(syn.) Ptilomyia enigma Coquillett, 1900

Rhysophora Cresson, 1924b: 159 (Discomyzinae)
Lentic-littoral, vascular hydrophytes - burrowers? - shredders-herbivores (miners?)
Rhysophora robusta Cresson, 1924b: 159 - Wirth, 1965: 743
(nom.nud.) Psilopa scoriacea Loew, 1862
(nom.nud.) Discocerina magna Coquillett in Johnson, 1910b: 806

Scatella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 801 (Ephydrinae)
Lentic-vascular hydrophytes and algal mats, lotic-margins - sprawlers-climbers - collectors-gatherers, scrapers (graze algae)
Scatella crassicosta Becker, 1896: 234 - northern
Scatella favillacea Loew, 1862: 170 - widespread
Scatella laxa Cresson, 1933: 70 - widespread
Scatella obscuriceps Cresson, 1915: 72
Scatella obsoleta Loew, 1861b: 358 - IL (Steinly et al. 1987: 167), widespread
Scatella paludum (Meigen, 1830: 118 as Ephydra) - ON, widespread
Scatella picea (Walker, 1849: 1105 as Ephydra) - UMMZ-Insect Division
Scatella quadrinotata Cresson, 1933: 70 - IL (Steinly et al. 1987: 167), widespread
Scatella setosa Coquillett, 1900h: 462
(syn.) Scatella intermedia Cresson, 1915a: 72
Scatella stagnalis (Fallén, 1813: 248 as Ephydra) - UMMZ-Insect Division
Scatella tenuicosta Collin, 1930

Scatophila Becker, 1896: 237 (Ephydrinae)
Lentic-littoral, lotic-margins - sprawlers - scrapers
Scatophila arenaria Cresson, 1935: 372 - MN, west
Scatophila despecta (Haliday, 1839: 409 as Ephydra) - ME, ON, widespread north
(syn.) Scatophila striata Walker, 1849: 1107
(syn.) Scatophila variabilis Cresson, 1917: 341
Scatophila mesogramma (Loew, 1869: 42 as Scatella) - RI-AK
Scatophila unicornis Czerny, 1900: 205 - IL (Steinly et al. 1987: 167), ON, non-native introduced from Europe
(syn.) Scatophila tuberculosa Cresson, 1935a: 368

Setacera Cresson, 1930: 116 (Ephydrinae)
Lentic-littoral (algal mats), lotic-margins sprawlers - shredders-herbivores, scrapers (graze algae)
Setacera atrovirens Loew, 1862c: 169 as Ephydra) - Mathis 1982: 13
Setacera pacifica (Cresson, 1925: 167 as Ephydra (orig.) - Mathis 1982: 48

Trimerina Macquart, 1835: 528 (Discomyzinae)
Lentic, vascular hydrophytes (emergent zones) - climbers - predators (piercers, spider egg masses [Foote 1984])
Trimerina madizans (Fallén, 1813: 253 as Notiphila) - UMMZ-Insect Division; OH (Foote 1984: 486)

Typopsilopa Cresson, 1916: 147 (Hydrellinae)
Lentic-littoral (detritus at margins in emergent vascular hydrophyte beds) - sprawlers - collectors-gatherers
Typopsilopa atra (Loew, 1862: 143 as Psilopa) - Wirth, 1968: 231
(syn.) Psilopa scoriacea Loew, 1962: 142 - Wirth 1965: 743

Zeros Cresson, 1943: 10 (Ilytheinae)
Lotic-depositional (detrital sediments) - sprawlers - collectors-gatherers
Zeros flavipes (Williston, 1896: 403 as ?Ilythea) - IA, OH (Scheiring and Foote, 1973: 160), ON, southward to Neotropical (Wirth, 1965: 746)

Clausen PJ. 1982. A revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Lytogaster (Diptera: Ephydridae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 108: 401-428.
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Cole FR. 1912. Some Diptera of Laguna Beach. Annual Report of the Laguna Marine Laboratory, Pomona College 1: 150-162, 10 figs.
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Edmiston JF, Mathis WN. 2005. A Revision of the New World Species of the shore-fly genus Nostima Coquillett (Diptera: Ephydridae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 623: 1-108.
Foote BA. 1984. Biology of Trimerina madizans, a predator of spider eggs (Diptera: Ephydridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of America 86(3): 486-492.
Mathis WN. 1975. A systematic study of Coenia and Paracoenia (Diptera: Ephydridae). Great Basin Naturalist 35(1): 65-85.
Mathis WN. 1978. A revision of the Nearctic species of Limnellia Malloch (Diptera: Ephydridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 91:250-293.
Mathis WN. 1979a. Studies of Ephydrinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), II: Phylogeny, classification, and zoogeography of Nearctic Lamproscatella Hendel. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 295: 1-41.
Mathis WN. 1979b. Studies of Notiphilinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), I: Revision of the Nearctic species of Notiphila Fallen, xxcluding the caudata Group. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 287: 1-111.
Mathis WN. 1982a. Studies of Ephydrinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), VII: Revision of the genus Setacera Cresson. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 350: 1-57.
Mathis WN. 1982b. Studies of Ephydrinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), VI: Review of the Tribe Dagini. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 345: 1-30.
Mathis WN. 1991. Studies of Gymnomyzinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), II: A revision of the shore-fly subgenus Pseudohecamede Hendel of the genus Allotrichoma Becker. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 522: 28+iii pp.
Mathis WN. 1993. Studies of Gymnomyzinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), IV: A revision of the shore-fly genus Hecamede Haliday. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 541: 46+iii pp.
Mathis WN. 1997. A revision of neotropical Ditrichophora Cresson (Diptera: Ephydridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 99: 697-704.
Mathis WN, Mathis D. 2008. Shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae) of Plummers Island, pp. 173–191 in Brown JW (Ed). The invertebrate fauna of Plummers Island, Maryland. Contribution XXX to the natural history of Plummers Island, Maryland. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 15: iv+226 pp.
Mathis WN, Zatwarnicki T. 1990. Taxonomic notes on Ephydridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103(4): 891–906.
Mathis WN, Zatwarnicki T. 1995. A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 4: vi+423 pp.
Mathis WN, Zatwarnicki T. 2004. Tronamyia, a new genus of shore-flies and a phylogenetic reassessment of the tribe Lipochaetini Becker (Diptera: Ephydridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 97(2): 259–270.
Mathis WN, Zatwarnicki T. 2010. New species and other taxonomic modifications for shore flies from the Delmarva States (Diptera: Ephydridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 112: 97–128
Mathis WN, Zatwarnicki T. 2012a. A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae). ZooKeys 231: 1–116.
Mathis WN, Zatwarnicki T. 2012b. Revision of New World Species of the shore-fly subgenus Allotrichoma Becker of the genus Allotrichoma with description of the subgenus Neotrichoma (Diptera, Ephydridae, Hecamedini). ZooKeys 161: 1–101.
Mathis WN, Zatwarnicki T. 2012c. A revision of the New World species of Gymnoclasiopa Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae). ZooKeys 248: 1-69.
Mathis WN, Zatwarnicki T. 2013. A revision of the shore-fly genus Hydrochasma Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae). Zookeys 363 : 1–161.
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Scheiring JF, Foote BA. 1973. Habitat distribution of the shore flies of Northeastern Ohio (Diptera: Ephydridae). The Ohio Journal of Science 73(3): 152-166.
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Wirth WW. 1968. The genus Typopsilopa Cresson in the Western Hemisphere. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 70(3): 225-237.

References - Taxonomy

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Page Updates:

• May 12, 2017
Corrections to nomenclature and organization, removal of taxa not occurring in the region; splitting references into sections for distribution and taxonomy.
• December 30, 2013
Incorporated information from Mathis & Zatwarnicki 2012 on Gymnoclasiopa

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