Aquatic Insects of Michigan
by Ethan Bright, Museum of Zoology Insect Division and School of Natural Resources and Environment
University of Michigan
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- Aquatic Insects of Michigan
Chloroperlidae (Sallflies) of Michigan - Identification
Introduction [under construction]
Adults
(adapted from Alexander and Stewart 1999, Baumann 1974, Hitchcock 1974, Ricker 1952, Surdick 1985)
| 1a | a. Supraanal process behind Ab10 tergite |
Males, 2 |
| b. Posterior margin of Ab8 sternum straight | ||
| 1b | a. Supraanal process absent | Females, 7 |
| b. Posterior margin of Ab8 sternum posteriorly produced as a subgenital plate | ||
| 2a(1a) | a. Epiproct inflated and sculptured, its tip variously sculptured and hinged | Alloperla Banks, 3 |
| b. Basal bar of epiproct thin, curved, and attached to a 3-5x wider, cupped single anchor | ||
| c. Brush of closely-set and multiple hairs on posterolateral margins of terminalia | ||
| also: Integument generally more lightly chitinized and paler-pigmented, with only pale dusky or no markings on the pronotum and abdomen; sutures not darkly marked; body green in life (fades to yellow in alcohol) | ||
| 2b | a. Epiproct tip tablike or buttonlike, not hinged | 5 |
| Basal bar of epiproct 1-2x long as the thick, merged equally wide anchor | ||
| c. Evenly-spaced hairs on posterolateral margins of terminalia | ||
| 3a(2a) | In dorsal view, epiproct subrectangular, sclerotized part slender with parallel sides, truncate distally, with 2 sharp laterally directed projections | Alloperla leonarda Ricker |
| 3b | In dorsal view, epiproct not as above, either distally rounded or pointed, and without laterally directed projections | 4 |
| 4a(3b) | In dorsal view, epiproct rounded and wide distally, with a tuft of hair at its end | Alloperla banksi Frison |
| In lateral view, epiproct distally with hairs and gradually bent upward | ||
| 4b | In dorsal view, epiproct broad at base, tapering gradually to a pointed apex, tip rounded and without hairs | Alloperla atlantica Baumann |
| In lateral view, epiproct distally without hairs and often bent downward | ||
| 5a(2b) | a. Epiproct longer than wide, with tip buttonlike |
Suwallia marginata(Banks) |
| b. Hemiterga of Ab10 extended to form digitate processes | ||
| also: Ab9 tergum not modified with an anteriorly projecting process; cerci are not elongated, convexly curved; aedeagus with two dorsal lobes | ||
| 5b | a. Epiproct tip tablike | Haploperla Navas, 6 |
| b. Hemiterga not extended | ||
| also: Aedeagus with a pair of distinct, curved skeletal support rods; anal vein of forewing greatly reduced, without a fold; Rs of hindwing usually not branched beyond cord; body yellow in life (fades in alcohol) | ||
| 6a(5b) | a. Abdomen with a middorsal stripe | Haploperla orpha (Frison) |
| b. In dorsal view, epiproct quadrate | ||
| 6b | a. Abdomen without a middorsal stripe | Haploperla brevis (Banks) |
| b. In dorsal view, epiproct apically triangular or somewhat rounded | ||
| 7a(1b) | Brush of closely-set and multiple hairs on posterolateral margins of terminalia | Alloperla Banks, 8 |
| also: Integument generally more lightly chitinized and paler-pigmented, with only pale dusky or no markings on the head, pronotum and abdomen; sutures not darkly marked; in ventral view, subgenital plate appears to arise near the posterior margin of Ab8 sternum | ||
| 7b | Evenly-spaced hairs on posterolateral margins of terminalia | 10 |
| 8a(7a) | Subgenital plate posteriorly rounded, without a tongue-like or narrow protusion | Alloperla banksi Frison |
| 8b | Subgenital plate with a tongue-like or narrow protusion | 9 |
| 9a(8b) | Protusion of subgenital plate narrow, basal width of protusion < 1/5x width of Ab8 sternum, gradually tapering, and extending posteriorly about 1/3 the distance over Ab8 sternum | Alloperla leonarda Ricker |
| 9b | Protusion of subgenital plate wide, basal width of protusion 1/3x width of Ab8 sternum, tapering abruptly to a narrowly rounded apex, and extending posteriorly nearly to the posterior margin of Ab8 sternum | Alloperla atlantica Baumann |
| 10a(7b) | a. Vagina membranous | Suwallia marginata(Banks) |
| b. Mandibles weakly developed, little sclerotized | ||
| also: Basal cerci not elongated, modified; dark recurrent scutoscutellar suture not bisected by a dark line; subgenital plate attached to preceeding segment over its entire width, subtriangular with a narrowed, broadly rounded apex, and not laterally emarginate; head with ocellar triangle not darkly pigmented | ||
| 10b | a. Vagina thickened, spinulated | Haploperla Navas, 11 |
| b. Mandibles developed, sclerotized | ||
| also: Anal area of hindwing greatly reduced, without a fold; Rs of hindwing usually not branched beyond chord | ||
| 11a(10b) | a. Abdomen with a middorsal stripe | Haploperla orpha (Frison) |
| b. In ventral view, female subgenital plate subtriangular and somewhat flattened apically | ||
| 11b | 1b a. Abdomen without a middorsal stripe |
Haploperla brevis (Banks) |
| b. In ventral view, female subgenital plate broadly rounded | ||
Mature nymphs
(adapted from Stewart and Stark 2002, Hitchcock 1974)
| 1a | Cerci with (usually 2-6 )dorsal or dorsal-ventral intercalcary hairs per segment in the apical half, forming a continuous vertical fringe | Alloperla Banks (no species key available) |
| also: Pronotal setae restricted to corners, except sometimes a pair on the anterior margin; terminal lacinial tooth curved about 45° from the longitudinal axis | ||
| 1b | Cercal segments without dorsal and ventral intercalary hairs, with setae inserted onlyat the apex of cercal segments | 2 |
| 2a(1b) | a. Longest pronotal fringe hairs approximately 0.3-0.4x as long as pronotal width, and nearly as long as either of the last 2 abdominal terga | Haploperla Navas, 3 |
| b. Inner margins of wingpads nearly parallel with the body axis | ||
| 2b | a. Longest pronotal fringe hairs shorter, approximately 0.2x as long as the pronotal width and distinctly shorter than either of the last 2 abdominal terga | Suwallia marginata (Banks) |
| b. Inner margins of wingpads divergent from body axis | ||
| also: Inner marginal teeth of lacinia not closely set into a comb; long apical hairs of distal cercal segments shorter than their segments; pronotal fringe hairs sparse or absent laterally | ||
| 3a(2a) | Pronotum with 4 corners dark, making a light diamond-shaped center | Haploperla orpha (Frison) |
| 3b | Pronotum mostly uniform in color | Haploperla brevis (Banks) |
References
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Alexander KD, Stewart KW. 1999. Revision of the genus Suwallia Ricker (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 125(3):185-250.
Baumann RW. 1974. What is Alloperla imbecilla (Say)? Designation of a neotype, and a new Alloperla from eastern North America (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 87(24):257-264.
Hitchcock SW. 1974. Guide to the Insects of Connecticut. Part VII. The Plecoptera or stoneflies of Connecticut. State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut Bulletin 107:1-262.
Ricker WE. 1952. Systematic studies in Plecoptera. Indiana University Publications Science Series 18:1-200.
Stewart KW, Stark BP. 2002. Nymphs of North American stonefly genera. Second Edition. The Caddis Press: Columbus, Ohio. xii + 510 p.
Surdick RF. 1985. Nearctic genera of Chloroperlidae (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illinois Biological Monographs 54:1-146.
Page created: December 05, 2003; Last updated: November 7, 2013 (EB)