Aquatic Insects of Michigan by Ethan Bright, Museum of Zoology Insect Division and School of Natural Resources and Environment |
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Tabanidae (Latreille, 1802: 438) - Horse and Deer Flies Because adult females of most species are hemophagous (blood feeding), there has been considerable interest in this group of flies. Most people are familar with Chrysops, the common deer flies of wooded areas, or the large horse flies of Tabanus. World-wide, there are over 4,000 species of tabanids. While most species have females that require a blood-meal for nurishing their developing eggs, adults of both sexes also feed on nectar and pollens of plants, and some groups have evolved to be exclusively plant feeders. Eggs are usually laid singly or in masses on vegetation over and near aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats. Larvae develop in shallow aquatic or semi-aquatic environments, are are mostly indiscriminate carnivorous on other invertebrates. Some species are terrestrial, or are not associated with aquatic habitats, and where possible these are indicated below. Larval ecologies and range information are from Hays (1956), Pechuman et al. (1983), and Baier (1999), supplemented by Philip (1965). Currently, there are 91 species in 8 genera documented from Michigan, with an additional 16 species and 1 genus that may be encountered based on known regional occurences. The systematics of the group will likely undergo further revision with the analysis of molecular data evidencomg that the Chrysopsinae and some larger genera of Tabaninae are likely non-monophyletic (Morita et al. 2015).
(syn.) Tabanus ruficeps Macquart, 1855: 55
(syn.) Tabanus imitans Walker, 1848: 173 (preocc. by Walker, 1848: 146) Atylotus intermedius (Walker, 1848: 143 as Tabanus) - Hays 1956: 35 (as Atylotus incisuralis, Isle Royale); see Burger 1995: 55 (note A. insuetus, of which incisuralis (Macquart, 1841) is a junior synonym, is found MB west)
Atylotus woodi Pechuman, 1981b: 2 - IL, ON, WI (Pechuman et al. 1983: 62-63; Teskey 1990: 279-280) Chrysops Meigen, 1803: 267 (Subfamily Chrysopsinae, Tribe Chrysopsini)
Chrysops aestuans Wulp, 1867: 135 - Hays 1956: 23-24; Pechuman et al. 1983: 36-37 (map)
(syn.) Chrysops fugax Osten Sacken, 1875: 375 Chrysops beameri Brennan, 1935: 265 - IL, IN, OH (Pechuman et al.1983: 39), expect in southern MI Chrysops brunneus Hine, 1903: 34 - Hays 1956: 20; Baier 1999: 181-183 Chrysops callidus Osten Sacken, 1875: 379 - Hays 156: 24; Cooney 2012: 4
Chrysops carbonarius Walker, 1848: 203 - Hays 1956: 16; Cooney 2012: 4 Chrysops celatus Pechuman, 1949: 82 (as C. flavidus spp. celatus) - Pechuman et al. 1983: 41; Baier 1999: 183-184 Chrysops cincticornis Walker, 1848: 201 - Hays 1956: 15-16 (as C. celeris); Pechuman et al. 1983: 41-42 (map)
Chrysops dacne Philip, 1955: 99 - Hays 1956: 30; however, see Pechuman et al. 1983: 42-43 Chrysops dawsoni Philip, 1959: 196 - MN east (Philip 1965: 325) Chrysops delicatulus Osten Sacken, 1875: 380 - Hays 1956: 22-23: Teskey 1990: 89-90 Chrysops dimmocki Hine, 1905: 393 - Philip 1947: 272; Hays 1956: 26-27; Philip 1965: 325 Chrysops excitans Walker, 1850: 72 - Hays 1956: 14; Pechuman et al. 1983: 43-44 (map)
(syn.) Chrysops canifrons Walker, 1848: 197 (syn.) Chrysops pallidus Bellardi, 1859: 73 [preooc. Macquart, 1838]
(syn.) Chrysops furcatus ssp. chagnoni Philip, 1955: 106
Chrysops indus Osten Sacken, 1875: 383 - Hays 1956: 31
Chrysops macquarti Philip, 1961: 161 - Pechuman et al. 1983: 48 (map) Chrysops mitis Osten Sacken, 1875: 374 - Hays 1956: 16-17; Pechuman et al. 1983: 49 (map) Chrysops moechus Osten Sacken, 1875: 387 - Hays 1956: 25; Pechuman et al. 1983: 50 (map) Chrysops montanus Osten Sacken, 1875: 382 - Hays 1956: 24-25; Pechuman et al. 1983: 50 (map) Chrysops niger Macquart, 1838: 165 - Hays 1956: 15; Pechuman et al. 1983: 50 (map)
Chrysops pikei Whitney, 1904: 205 - Hays 1956: 25-26; Pechuman et al. 1983: 52 (map) Chrysops pudicus Osten Sacken 1875: 381 - Hays 1956: 19; Pechuman et al. 1983: 52 [semiaquatic: in wet soils along aquatic margins (Baier 1999)]; Teskey 1990: 121-122 Chrysops sackeni Hine, 1903: 42 - Hays 1956: 20; Pechuman et al. 1983: 53-54 (map) Chrysops sequax sequax Williston, 1887: 133 - Hays 1956: 26; Pechuman et al. 1983: 54-55 (map) Chrysops shermani Hine, 1907: 229 - Hays 1956: 17 Chrysops sordidus Osten Sacken, 1875: 376 - Hays 1956: 13-14; Philip 1965: 327 Chrysops striatus Osten Sacken, 1875: 391 - Hays 1956: 18; Pechuman et al. 1983: 55-56 (map) Chrysops univittatus Macquart, 1855: 56 - Hays 1956: 31-32, and 22 (as C. wiedemanni); Pechuman et al. 1983: 56-57 (map)
(syn.) Chrysops fraternus Kröber, 1926: 328 Chrysops vittatus Wiedemann, 1821: 56 - Hays 1956: 17-18; Pechuman et al. 1983: 57-58 (map); Cooney 2012: 4
(syn.) Chrysops lineatus Jaennicke, 1867: 334 (syn.) Chrysops ornatus Kröber, 1926: 328 Diachlorus Osten Sacken, 1876: 475 (Subfamily Tabaninae, Tribe Diachlorini)
(syn.) Diabasis ataenia Macquart, 1838: 156 (syn.) Chrysops approximans Walker, 1848: 198 (syn.) Chrysops convergens Walker, 1848: 198 (syn.) Tabanus rondanii Bellardi, 1859: 68 Goniops Aldrich, 1892: 236 (Subfamily Pangoniinae, Tribe Scionini)
Haematopota Meigen, 1803: 267 (Subfamily Tabaninae, Tribe Haematopotini)
Haematopota rara Johnson, 1912: 182 - OH (disjunct population of eastern species; Pechuman et al. 1983: 60 (map); Teskey 1990: 139-140 Hybomitra Enderlein, 1922: 347 (Subfamily Tabaninae, Tribe Tabanini)
(syn.) Tabanus cristatus Curran, 1927: 81 Hybomitra aurilimba (Stone, 1938: 130 as Tabanus) - MN? (Philip 1965: 338), s. ON east (Teskey 1990: 182-183) Hybomitra cincta (Fabricius, 1794: 366 as Tabanus) - Hays 1956: 40-41; Pechuman et al. 1983: 107 (map) Hybomitra criddlei (Brooks, 1946: 234 as Tabanus) - Hays 1956: 47-48; Teskey 1990: 190-191 Hybomitra difficilis (Wiedemann, 1828: 165 as Tabanus) - Hays 1956: 41-42; Pechuman et al. 1983: 107 (map) Hybomitra epistates (Osten Sacken, 1878: 555 as Tabanus) - Hays 1956: 50-51; Pechuman et al. 1983: 107-108 (map); Teskey 1990: 193-194
(syn.) Tabanus septentrionalis Loew, 1858: 592 (syn.) Tabanus labradorensis Enderlein, 1925: 363 (syn.) Tabanus canadensis Curran, 1927: 82
Hybomitra lasiophthalma (Macquart, 1838: 147 as Tabanus) - Hays 1956: 42-43; Pechuman et al. 1983: 110 (map); Cooney 2012: 4
(syn.) Tabanus notabilis Walker, 1848: 166 (syn.) Tabanus fretus Stone, 1938: 154 (nom. nud.) Tabanus guttiferus Harris, in Johnson 1925: 70 (syn.) Tabanus redactus Walker, 1850: 66 Hybomitra longiglossa (Philip, 1931: 110 as Tabanus) - see Philip 1954: 32; MN, widespread northern< Hybomitra lurida (Fallén, 1817: 5 as Tabanus) - Hays 1956: 44-45 (as H. metabola); Pechuman et al. 1983: 110-111 (map)
Hybomitra minuscula (Hine, 1907: 226 as Tabanus) - Hays 1956: 49; Pechuman et al. 1983: 111-112 (map) Hybomitra nitidifrons nuda (McDunnough, 1921: 143 as Tabanus) - Hays 1956: 43 (as H. nuda)
Hybomitra rhombica (Osten Sacken, 1876: 472 as Tabanus) - Hays 1956: 45; however, see Teskey 1990 :226-227, as Hays' identifcation may be of H. osburni (Hine, 1904); WI, north and boreal west Hybomitra sodalis (Williston, 1887: 139 as Tabanus) - Hays 1956: 46 (as H. trispila); Pechuman et al. 1983: 112-113 (map)
(syn.) Tabanus trispilus Wiedemann, 1828: 150 (syn.) Hybomitra trispila spp. sodalis Pechuman, 1960: 798 (comb.) Therioplectes trispilus, Osten Sacken, 1878: 56
(syn.) Tylostypia laticornis Enderlein, 1925: 363 (preocc. Hine, 1904) Hybomitra typhus (Whitney, 1904: 206 as Tabanus) - Hays 1956: 52-53 (may be H. pechumani), however, see Teskey 1990: 247-248 (eastern species reaching ON) Hybomitra zonalis (Kirby, 1837: 314 as Tabanus) - Hays 1956: 47; Teskey 1990: 248-251 (map)
(syn.) Tabanus terraenovae Macquart, 1850: 339 (syn.) Tabanus flavocinctus Bellardi, 1859: 61 Merycomyia Hine, 1912: 515 (Subfamily Chrysopsinae, Tribe Bouvieromyiini)
(syn.) Merycomyia geminata Hine, 1912: 515 Stonemyia Brennan, 1935: 360 (Subfamily Pangoniidae, Tribe Pangoniini)
Stonemyia tranquilla (Osten Sacken, 1875: 368 as Pangonia) - Hays 1956: 33-34; see also Teskey 1990: 37 (map), 39 Tabanus Linnaeus, 1758: 601 (Subfamily Tabaninae, Tribe Tabanini)
(syn.) Tabanus ruficornis Fabricius, 1775: 789 (syn.) Tabanus limbatus Palisot de Beauvois, 1806: 54
(syn.) Tabanus niger Palisot de Beauvois, 1806: 54 (syn.) Tabanus validus Wiedemann, 1828: 113
(syn.) Tabanus lineatus Fabricius, 1781: 455 (syn.) Tabanus pallidus Palisot de Beauvois, 1809: 100 (syn.) Tabanus bicolor Macquart, 1847: 37 [preocc. Wiedemann, 1821] (syn.) Tabanus coesiofasciatus Macquart, 1855: 52
Tabanus fulvicallus Philip, 1931: 106 - Philip 1947; Hays 1956: 65 (Isle Royale); Teskey 1990: 311-312 Tabanus limbatinevris Macquart, 1847: 32 - Hays 1956: 62 (as T. abdominalis); Pechuman et al. 1983: 84-86; Teskey 1990: 315-316
Tabanus marginalis Fabricius, 1805: 99 - Hays 1956: 64-65 (as T. nivosus); Pechuman et al. 1983: 86-87 (map); Teskey 1990: 318-319
Tabanus nigripes Wiedemann, 1821: 25 - Hays 1956: 62; Pechuman et al. 1983: 89 (map); Teskey 1990: 320-322
Tabanus quinquevittatus Wiedemann, 1821: 21 - Hays 1956: 59; Pechuman et al. 1983: 92-93; Teskey 1990: 328-329 (semiaquatic to terrestrial, tolerant of a variety of soils)
(syn.) Tabanus manifestus Walker, 1850: 41 (syn.) Tabanus vicarius Walker (in part), 1848 (syn.) Tabanus baltimorensis Macquart, 1855: 54
Tabanus sagax Osten Sacken, 1876: 452 - Hays 1956: 58; Pechuman et al. 1983: 94: Teskey 1990: 334-335
(syn.) Tabanus dawsoni Philip, 1931: 105
(syn.) Tabanus lineola scutellaris Walker, of authors Tabanus stygius Say, 1823: 33 - Hays 1956: 70; Pechuman et al. 1983: 96; Teskey 1990: 342-343 Tabanus subniger Coquillett, 1906: 48 - Hays 1956: 70; Pechuman et al. 1983: 97 (map); Teskey 1990: 343-344
(syn.) Tabanus tectus Osten Sacken, 1876: 436 (syn.) Tabanus exul Osten Sacken, 1878: 558 Tabanus trimaculatus Palisot de Beauvois, 1806: 56 - Hays 1956: 57-58; Teskey 1990: 347-348
(syn.) Tabanus apicalis Walker, 1848: 176 [preocc.]
References - Distribution
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Acknowledgments
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